Acids bases and Salts

What is an acid defined as in chemistry?

An acid is a compound that yields hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) as the only positively charged ions when dissolved in water.

Provide an example of a strong acid and its dissociation.

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) dissociates into H⁺ and Cl⁻.

What distinguishes organic acids from inorganic acids?

Organic acids are obtained from plants and contain carbon and hydrogen atoms, while inorganic acids are obtained from minerals.

What is the difference between strong acids and weak acids?

Strong acids ionize completely in aqueous solution, producing a high concentration of hydronium ions, while weak acids only partially ionize.

Define monobasic acid.

A monobasic acid produces one hydronium ion (H₃O⁺) per molecule of the acid.

What characterizes tribasic acids?

Tribasic acids produce three hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) per molecule of the acid.

What is the significance of the pH scale?

The pH scale shows the relative strength of acids and alkalis, ranging from 0 to 14.

How are bases typically categorized?

Bases can be categorized by their strength (strong or weak), acidity (monoacidic, diacidic, triacidic), and composition (concentrated or dilute).

What does a strong base do in an aqueous solution?

A strong base undergoes almost complete ionization to produce a high concentration of hydroxyl ions (OH⁻).

What is neutralization in the context of acids and bases?

Neutralization is the process by which H⁺ ions from an acid react completely with OH⁻ ions from a base to form salt and water.

What type of property do all acids have when they interact with litmus paper?

Acids turn blue litmus paper red.

What is a salt, defined in terms of acid and base reaction?

A salt is formed by the partial or total replacement of the ionizable hydrogen atoms of an acid by a metallic ion or an ammonium ion.

How is hydrated salt defined?

A hydrated salt contains a definite number of water molecules as water of crystallization.

What is deliquescence?

Deliquescence is the ability of certain salts to absorb moisture from the atmosphere and dissolve in it, forming a solution.

Provide an example of an acid and its common use.

Citric acid is commonly used for food preservation.

What reaction occurs to form a normal salt?

A normal salt is formed by the complete replacement of the replaceable hydrogen ion of an acid molecule by a basic radical.

What is a double salt?

A double salt is formed by the union of two simple salts which dissolve in water and crystallize.