Organ System

Integumentary system

Forms the external body covering and includes hair and fingernails

Integumentary system

Waterproofs the body

Skin

Absorbs water

Integumentary system

Cushions and protects deeper tissue from injury

Integumentary system

Produces vitamin D with the help of sunlight

Integumentary system

Excretes salts in perspiration

Integumentary system

Helps regulate body temperature

Integumentary system

Location of cutaneous nerve receptors

Brain

Process of conduction

Brain

Extends to the five senses, branches to sense organs

Dendrites

Receiving mechanism of information

Eyes: receptor - dendrite - afferent - brain - efferent - axon - response

What is the sensory process?

Skeletal system

Consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments, and joints

Skeletal system

Provides muscle attachment for movement

Skeletal system

Protects vital organs

Skeletal system

Site of blood cell formation

Skeletal system

Stores minerals

Bone marrow

Produces blood

Muscles and bones

What regulates the skeletal system?

Cartilage

Soft, absorbs calcium which hardens into bone, parts of ear and nose

Yes

Is teeth a bone?

Muscular system

Skeletal muscles contract or shorten

Muscular system

Produces movement of bones

Muscular system

Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression

Muscular system

Maintains posture

Muscular system, friction

Produces heat

Muscle

We have the ability to move because of __

Contracts and relaxes

What is the movement of the muscles?

Nervous system

Fast-acting control system

Nervous system

Consists of brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors

Nervous system

Reponds to internal and external stimuli

Nervous system

Sensory receptors detect changes

Central nervous system

Messages are sent to the __

Central nervous system

This assesses information and activates effectors which are muscles and glands

Nervous system

Highest form of system

Brain

Responds to external and internal, sense organs coordinates with this

Gland

This produces hormones which could be at times genetic

Somatotropin

Human growth hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland at the base of the brain

Traits

Could either be dominant or recessive

Recessive

Hidden, only shows up if both traits are this, traits of the past is this

Endocrine system, hormones

Secretes chemical molecules, called __, into the blood

Endocrine system

Body functions controlled by hormones include: growth, reproduction, use of nutrients

Hormones

Target cells, all of these function differently and specifically, makes process faster

Cardiovascular system

Includes heart and blood vessels

Heart

This pumps blood

Vessels

Transport blood to tissues

Blood

Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones

Blood

Also contain white blood cells and chemical that provide protection from foreign invaders

Cardio

Heart

Vascular

Blood vessels

Blood

Bathes tissue

Leukocytes

White blood cells, fights gainst bacterial invasion

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells

Thrombocytes

Platelets

Macrophages

Large white blood cells in your immune system that eats bacteria if it enters the body

Cancer

What will happen if the number of white blood cells exceeds the number of red blood cells?

Lymphatic system

Includes lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphoid organs

Lymphatic system

Complements the cardiovascular system by returning leaked fluids back to bloodstream

Lymph nodes

This and other lymphoid organs cleanse the body

Lymphatic system

Houses white blood cells, which are involved in immunity

Lymphatic system

Colorless, nourish tissues, present in nodes such as the armpits and inguinal

Respiratory system

Includes the nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

Respiratory system

Gases are exchanged with the blood through air sacs in the lungs, supplies the body with oxygen, removes carbon dioxide

Respiratory system

Exchanges oxygen

Alveolus, alveoli

Cells in lungs, has red blood cell

Oxyhemoglobin

Oxygen combines with red blood cell to produce __ and the waste product is carbon dioxide

Digestive system

Includes the oral cavity, mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, rectum, and accessory organs

Digestive system

Breaks down food

Digestive system

Allows for nutrient absorption into blood

Feces

Eliminates indigestible material as __

Bolus

Food entered in mouth, a rounded mass of chewed food ready to be swallowed

Mastication

Chewing using teeth and jaw muscles

Deglutition

Swallowing

Cardiac sphincter

Food passes through esophagus into a ring of involuntary muscle fibers located at the junction where the esophagus connects to the stomach

Peristalsis

Movement of stomach

Ulcer

If there is peristaltic movement even when you are not eating, for example you are stavring or you are hungry, this results to __

Hunger pangs

Pain experienced when you are hungry

Pyloric sphincter

A strong ring of smooth muscle at the bottom of the stomach that acts as a valve to control the flow of partially digested food into the small intestine

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

What are the parts of the small intestine

Duodenum

Longest part of the small intestine

Jejunum

The curve part of the small intestine

Rectum

Straight section of the large intestine that temporarily stores feces before they exit the body

Anus

The external opening at the end of the digestive tract where solid waste, stool, leaves the body

Urinary system

Includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

Urinary system

Eliminates nitrogenous wastes

Urinary system

Maintains acid-base balance

Urinary system

Regulates water and electrolyte balance

Urinary system

Helps regulate normal blood pressure

Kidney

Produces urine

Ureter

A thin, muscular tube that carries urine from a kidney to the urinary bladder

Urinary bladder

Is a hollow, muscular organ in the lower pelvis that temporarily stores urine produced by the kidneys

Urethra

The fibromuscular tube that transports urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Reproductive system

For males: testes, scrotum, penis, accessory glands, and duct system

Sperm

Testes produces __

Duct system

This carries sperm to exterior

Reproductive system

For females: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina

Eggs

Ovaries produces __

Uterus

This provides site of development for fetus

Colostrum

Milk from mammary, first milk, now considered toxic

Testes

Produces sperm and male sex hormone