Trachea & Bronchi

How long is the larynx

10-13 cm

Where does the trachea start (at what structure & vertebral level)

At the end of the larynx (C6)

What attaches the trachea & the cricoid

Cricotracheal membrane

The trachea deviates in what direction before bifurcation

Right

Bifurcation of trachea happens at what vertebral level in a cadaver & then in a living person

Bifurcation at T4/T5 (cadaver) T5 - T7 (living)

How many C shaped cartilagenous rings does the trachea have

18-22

What is between the C rings of trachea

intercartilagenous membrane

What bridges the posterior gap in C shaped rings

Trachealis muscle

What epithelium lines the trachea

Respiratory - Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (s s c c for C shaped rings)

What runs across the trachea

Jugular arch (venous)

Which of the C shaped cartilages are covered by the thyroid gland

Mainly 2nd - 4th

right and left lobes of thyroid cover the 5th and 6th cartilages

What is the name of the rare artery (3.8%) in the middle of the anterior trachea

Thyroid ima

Explain blood supply to the trachea

Cervical (upper) part:

sup. mid. inf thyroid arteries

Thoracic (lower) part

bronchial arteries (left superior and inferior, right)

Explain venous drainage from the trachea

venous drainage mirrors arterial supply

Arteries supplying the cervical trachea share a common trunk with what other arteries

Oesophageal arteries

What arteries can be found at the intercartilagenous ligaments of the trachea

Circumferential arteries

How to tell trachea bronchi apart

Right shorter (2.5cm) and steeper

Left longer (>= 5 cm) and more obtuse

Arterial supply to bronchi. Name & what they branch from

2 left bronchial arteries directly from the aorta

Explain branching of the right bronchus

Mainstem bronchii divide to give rise to lobar bronchi

▫ On the right bifurcates opposite T5

- Right superior lobar bronchus

- Right intermediate bronchus

- enters lung

- Intermediate bronchus

• Right middle lobar bronchus

• Right inferior lobar bronchus

Explain branching of the left bronchus

On the left enters lung at T6 then divides

- Left superior lobar bronchus

- Left inferior lobar bronchus

▫ On both sides lobar bronchi branch to form

segmental bronchi

- 10 right [3,2,5], 9-10 [4-5, 4-5] lef

Number the bronchopulmonary segment