Nucleotides, Vitamins, Cosubstrates, and Coenzymes

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9 Terms

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Purine

Nitrogenous base with double-ring structure. Adenine and Guanine.

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Pyrimidine

Nitrogenous base with single-ring structure. Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil

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Nucleoside

A base covalently linked to a 5-carbon sugar

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Nucleotide

Nucleoside with one or more phosphate groups attached to the 5’-carbon of the sugar

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Activator ion

A loosely bound metal ion that enhance enzyme function

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Metalloenzyme

An enzyme with a tightly bound essential metal ion

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Vitamin

A small organic molecule required from diet, often a coenzyme precursor

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If nucleic acid starts with “d”

Deoxyribose, Substrate for DNA polymerase in DNA synthesis

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Competitive Inhibitors of Adenosine (3)

Caffeine

Tea (theophylline)

Chocolate (Theobromine)