Endocrine, Hormone, and Gastrointestinal Drug Classes

Drug class indication, side effects, and medications for the top 200 drugs

Biguanides

-Indication

primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes

Biguanides

-Side Effects

Lactic Acidosis

Biguanides

-Medications

Metformin (Glucophage)

Sulfonylureas

-Indication

used to lower blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes

Sulfonylureas

-Side Effects

Hypoglycemia, weight gain, gastrointestinal disturbances.

Sulfonylureas

-Medications

Glyburide (Micronase, Glynase), glipizide (Glucotrol), and glimepiride (Amaryl)

Thiazolidinediones

-Indication

used to improve insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes.

Thiazolidinediones

-Side Effects

Fluid Retention, weight gain, heart failure.

Thiazolidinediones

-Medications

Pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia)

DPP-4 Inhibitors

-Indication

used to lower blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes

DPP-4 Inhibitors

-Medications

Abglipton (Nesina), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), sitagliptin (Januvia)

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists

-Indications

used for weight management and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists

-Medications

Include liraglutide (Victoza), semaglutide (Ozempic), dulaglutide (Trulicity), exenatide (Byetta).

SGLT-2 Inhibitors

-Indication

used to lower blood glucose levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes.

SGLT-2 Inhibitors

-Medications

canagliflozin (Invokana), dapagliflozin (Farxiga), empagliflozin (Jardiance).

Glinides

-Indication

help control blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes.

Glinides

-Side Effects

weight gain and gastrointestinal disturbances.

Glinides

-Medications

repaglinide (Prandin), nateglinide (Starlix).

Insulin

-Indication

used to lower blood glucose levels in diabetes.

Insulin

-Side Effects

hypoglycemia, weight gain, injection site reactions.

Insulin

-Medications

Regular Insulin (HumuLIN), Insulin Aspart (NovoLOG), insulin Lispro (HumaLOG), insulin Glargine (Lantus), insulin Detemir (Levemir).

Thyroid Hormone Replacement Drugs

-Indication

used to treat hypothyroidism

Thyroid Hormone Replacement Drugs

-Medications

Levothyroxine (Synthroid), Liothyronine (Cytomel), thyroid (Armour Thyroid)

Contraceptives

-Indication

used to prevent pregnancy

Contraceptives

-Side Effects

breakthrough bleeding, blood clots, and nausea

Contraceptives

-Medications

Ethinyl Estradiol + Second ingredient (e.g., Norethindrone, Levonorgestrel)

Female Hormones

-Indication

manage signs and symptoms of menopause and hormonal imbalances.

Female Hormones

-Side Effects

increased risk of blood clots and cancer

Female Hormones

-Medications

Estradiol (Estrace), Progesterone (Prometrium), and various combinations thereof.

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI)

-Indication

reduce stomach acid production and treat conditions like GERD.

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI)

-Side Effects

electrolyte and vitamin defencies

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI)

-Medications

Omeprazole (Prilosec), Esomeprazole (Nexium), Lansoprazole (Prevacid), Dexlansoprazole (Dexilant), Rabeprazole (Aciphex)

H-2 Receptor Blocker

-Indication

reduce stomach acid and treat conditions like ulcers and GERD.

H-2 Receptor Blocker

-Medications

Ranitidine (Zantac), Famotidine (Pepcid), Nizatidine (Axid), Cimetidine (Tagamet)

5-HT3 Antagonists

-Indications

used to prevent nausea and vomiting

5-HT3 Antagonists

-Side Effects

cardiac arrythmias

5-HT3 Antagonists

-Medications

Ondansetron (Zofran), Palonosetron (Aloxi)

Laxatives

-Indication

used to relieve constipation

Laxatives

-Side Effects

cramping, diarrhea, dehydration

Laxatives

-Medications

Docusate (Colace), Polyethylene glycol (Miralax)

Anti-Diarrheals

-Indication

used to treat diarrhea and reduce bowel movements

Anti-Diarrheals

-Side Effects

constipation, abdominal discomfort, nausea

Anti-Diarrheals

-Medications

Loperamide (Imodium), Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol), Diphenoxylate/Atorpine (Lomotil)