History Review Flashcards - 1st Trimester

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from history lectures, spanning Ancient Civilizations to the American Revolution.

Evolution

The process of change and adaptation over time.

History

The study of the past, including its causes and effects.

Nomads

People who move from place to place, often in search of food or resources.

Sedentaries

People who settle in one place, often due to agriculture and resources.

Mesopotamia

Land between two rivers; specifically, the Euphrates and Tigris rivers.

Sumerians

An ancient Mesopotamian civilization known for city-states and cuneiform writing.

Akkadians

An ancient Mesopotamian civilization that unified Mesopotamia and formed the first empire.

Babylonians

An ancient Mesopotamian civilization noted for its golden era, the Code of Hammurabi, and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.

Egypt

An ancient civilization in Africa, centered around the Nile River, known as the 'Black country'.

Delta of the Nile

The most fertile part of Egypt, where many of the biggest cities were located.

Old Kingdom (Egypt)

An era of ancient Egypt known for hieroglyphics and the construction of the pyramids.

Middle Kingdom (Egypt)

An era of ancient Egypt known for the evolution of mythology and mummification.

New Kingdom (Egypt)

An era of ancient Egypt known for the Book of the Dead and the rule of Ramses II.

Weighing of the Heart

An Egyptian myth where Anubis weighs the heart of the deceased against a feather to determine entry to the afterlife.

Cleopatra

One of the most influential characters from ancient history, known for her accomplishments, leadership and rule over Egypt.

Helenics/Achaens

Alternative names for Greek people in ancient times.

Dark Ages (Greece)

A period in Ancient Greece marked by the Trojan War.

Archaic Period (Greece)

A period in Ancient Greece known for the Olympic Games.

Classical Period (Greece)

A period in Ancient Greece marked by the birth of philosophy.

Minotaur

A Greek myth about Theseus who slays the minotaur, a half-man, half-bull monster.

Philosophy

The birth of philosophy is from leisure because people who don't need to work have time to dedicate themselves to speculation

Socrates

There is no evil, only ignorance; people do bad things because of lack of knowledge, and they don’t know what’s good and what’s wrong.

Alexander the Great

Known for conquering many regions while keeping their culture and blending them, influencing art, architecture, and philosophy.

Romulus and Remus

The twins who founded Rome in Roman mythology; Romulus killed Remus and became the first king.

Numa Pompilius

The wise king of Rome.

Republic (Rome)

A system of government in Rome characterized by the division of power and checks and balances.

Senate (Rome)

Was made up of 300 people chosen by the Romans.

Julius Cesar

The month of July is named after Julius Cesar

Augustus

He created the Pax Romana, set the guidelines for the empire, he supported the creation of myths and also he improved the city by building temples and public spaces.

Roman Colosseum

An amphitheater used for entertainment purposes, such as gladiator fights, animal hunts, and mock naval battles.

Constantine

The first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity, leading to a major impact on the religion and the empire.

Middle Ages

Began as a result of the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

Carlomagno

Unified western Europe. He helped spread christianity and unified the monarchy with the church

Crusades

Holy wars in an attempt to gain land back

100 year war

Series of wars fought between England and france

Black Plague

Started in Europe in the 14th Century

Spanish Inquisition

A period in Spanish history that was established by the king Ferdinad II of Aragon and queen Isabella I of Castile after expelling the Jews and Muslims from spain.

Printing press

Invented by Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in 1440, allowed for more books to be produced, making them more accessible, giving people more knowledge.

Renaissance

A time in Europe in 1300, specifically in Italy, where people became interested in learning art and thinking new ways.

Humanism

It focused on the importance of humans and their ability to think, create and achieve things.

Michelangelo

He didn’t like being called a painter; he preferred sculpting. He painted the sistine chapel, and also sculpted the David, the Moses, and la Piedad

Raphael

He was the “golden boy” of the renaissance. He was a ladies man, he died at 37, his most famous fresco is “the school of Athens”.

Leonardo Da Vinci

He made the Vitruvian Man (the “perfect” human body). He is the model of a “renaissance man”. He was left-handed and wrote in mirror script from left to right.

Enlightenment

The Enlightenment is a cultural moment born as a response to the Renaissance, the Enlightenment is maturity.

Rousseau

Humans are born good but are corrupted by society. This theory is called the “noble savage”

Locke

The government should protect your life, your property, and your freedom, nothing more.

Montesquieu

Proposed the separation of powers into executive, legislative, judicial.

American Revolution causes

Ideas from the Enlightenment, Mercantilism, taxation without representation, and the Boston Tea Party.

Continental Congress

Group of political leaders who discuss the independence from Britain and how to make a new government.

Declaration of Independence

This Declaration was made before the Revolution War started in 1776

George Washington

1st ever president of the US. Commanded the Battle of Yorktown.

Thomas Jefferson

Connection with France. Liberal.