Canadian Citizenship Study Guide Flashcards

Flashcards about Canadian Citizenship, Aboriginal People, First Europeans, Royal New France and related topics

Why did early European explorers call native peoples 'Indians'?

Because they mistakenly thought they had reached the East Indies.

Name one of the Aboriginal groups and how they lived off the land.

Huron-Wendat: farmers and hunters; Cree and Dene: hunter-gatherers; Sioux: nomadic, following the bison; Inuit: lived off Arctic wildlife

What impact did European arrival have on Aboriginal populations?

European diseases caused large numbers of Aboriginal deaths due to lack of immunity. However, strong economic, religious and military bonds were formed between Aboriginals and Europeans

What evidence exists of early European presence in Canada?

The remains of a Viking settlement at l’Anse aux Meadows in Labrador and Newfoundland.

Who was the first European to draw a map of Canada's East Coast?

John Cabot

Which explorer claimed the land for King Francis I of France?

Jacques Cartier

What is the origin of the name 'Canada'?

It comes from the Iroquoian word 'kanata,' meaning 'village,' as told to Jacques Cartier's guides.

Who established the first European settlement north of Florida?

French explorers Pierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlain

In what present-day province was the first settlement of New France built?

Nova Scotia

Name one accomplishment of Jean Talon, Bishop Laval, or Count Frontenac.

Built a French Empire in North America that reached from Hudson Bay to the Gulf of Mexico.

What did King Charles II of England grant the Hudson's Bay Company in 1670?

Exclusive trading rights over the watershed draining into Hudson Bay.

What was the outcome of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in 1759?

The British defeated the French, marking the end of France’s empire in America.

What was the Quebec Act of 1774?

One of the constitutional foundations of Canada, which accommodated the principles of British institutions to the reality of the province; allowed religious freedom for Catholics and permitted them to hold public office and restored French civil law while maintaining British criminal law.

Who were the Loyalists?

People loyal to the Crown who fled the oppression of the American Revolution to settle in Nova Scotia and Quebec.

In what year was slavery abolished throughout the British Empire?

1833

What was the Underground Railroad?

A Christian anti-slavery network that helped slaves escape from the United States to Canada.

Name two of the first companies in Canada.

Hudson's Bay Company and Montreal Stock Exchange

Who was Laura Secord?

Pioneer wife and mother who made a dangerous journey to warn Lieutenant James FitzGibbon of a planned American attack during the War of 1812.

What role did the Duke of Wellington play in Canada's history?

He sent some of his best soldiers to defend Canada in 1814 and chose Bytown (Ottawa) as the endpoint of the Rideau Canal.

What was the outcome of the War of 1812?

The American attempt to conquer Canada failed, and Canada remained independent of the United States.

Name one First Nations leader who supported the British in the War of 1812.

Tecumseh

Who was Lord Durham and what did he recommend?

An English reformer sent to report on the rebellions, who recommended that Upper and Lower Canada be merged and given responsible government. He also recommended that the Canadiens assimilate into English-speaking Protestant culture.

What is responsible government?

The ministers of the Crown must have the support of a majority of the elected representatives in order to govern.

Who were Sir Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine and Robert Baldwin?

Reformers who worked with British governors toward responsible government.

What is the significance of July 1, 1867?

The Dominion of Canada was officially born.

Name the original provinces of Canada in 1867.

Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick

Who was Canada's first Prime Minister?

Sir John A. Macdonald

Who was Louis Riel?

Leader of the Métis who led an armed uprising and seized Fort Garry in response to the Canadian government taking over the northwest region.

What is the NWMP, founded in 1873?

North West Mounted Police, established to pacify the West and assist in negotiations with the Indians, later became RCMP.

What was the significance of the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR)?

It fulfilled a national dream, connecting British Columbia to the rest of Canada and becoming a powerful symbol of unity.

Who was Sir Wilfrid Laurier?

The first French-Canadian prime minister since Confederation, who encouraged immigration to the West.

What was Canada's role in the South African War (Boer War)?

More than 7,000 Canadians volunteered to fight, and Canadians took part in significant battles.

What was the Canadian Expeditionary Force?

The force formed by Ottawa when Britain declared war on Germany in 1914.

What was the significance of Vimy Ridge?

The Canadian Corps captured Vimy Ridge in April 1917, securing the Canadians’ reputation for valour as the “shock troops of the British Empire.”

When did most Canadian female citizens get the right to vote in federal elections?

1918

Who was Agnes Macphail?

A farmer and teacher who became the first woman MP in 1921.

What is the purpose of Remembrance Day?

To remember the sacrifices of our veterans and brave fallen in all wars in which Canadians took part.

When is Remembrance Day?

November 11

What caused the Great Depression of the 1930s?

The stock market crash of 1929

What was the Bank of Canada created in 1934?

A central bank to manage the money supply and bring stability to the financial system.

When did the Second World War begin?

1939, when Adolf Hitler invaded Poland

What was Canada's role in the Battle of the Atlantic?

The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) protected convoys of merchant ships against German submarines.

What happened to Japanese-Canadians during the Second World War?

They were forcibly relocated by the federal government and their property was sold.

What was D-Day?

The epic invasion of Normandy in northern France on June 6, 1944.