IPHY 2400 - Chapter 6: Hematology and Immunolgy

hemorrhage

loss of large amounts of blood.

septicemia

bacterial infection that spreads to tissues and blood

anemia

decrease in RBCs and O2

pernicious anemia

low B12 or stomach doesnt absorb B12

sickle cell anemia

genetic mis-shape of RBC when O2 is low

iron deficiency anemia

low Fe lvls in diet or loss from bleeding

transfusion rxn

rxn when patient is given transfusion of wrong blood type

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

caused by HIV, infect helper T-cells. immune repsonse is supressed

leukemia

cancer of myphocyctes with increased lvls of immature leukocytes in red marrow, low RBCs, low thrombocytes, and low mature leukocytes

mononucleosis

infection caused by EBV (epstein-Barr Virus)

deep venous thrombosis (DVT)

thrombus forms in deep vein of lower leg, travels thru bloodstream, can cause pulmonary embolism

thrombus

blood clot

hemophilia

genetic condition, deficiency of blood clotting factor

thrombocytopenia

low thrombocytes due to radiation, chemicals, or drugs.

petechia

blood vessel breakages

ecchymoses

visible blood vessel breakages in the skin

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)

ummine rxn of tissue (graft) against recipient (host)

lymphadenopathy

megaly of lymph nodes

lymphedema

edema in limb after lymph removal. fluid can’t drain

elephantiasis

lymphedema caused by a parasite. commonly a nematode.

lymphoma

cancer of lymph cells

splenomegaly

enlargement of spleen

thymoma

thymus gland tumor - usually benign

diabetes mellitus (type 1)

autoimmune disease that affects the pancreas

graves disease

autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid

hashimoto thyroiditis

autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid

gluten sensitivity enteropathy

autoimmune disease that affects the intestines

IBS

autoimmune disease that affects the intestines

multiple sclerosus (MS)

autoimmune disease that affects the nerves

myasthenia gravis

autoimmune disease that affects the muscles

psoriasis

autoimmune disease that affects the skin

scleroderma

autoimmune disease that affects the skin and vessels

vitiligo

autoimmune disease that affects the skin

rheumatoid arthiritis

autoimmune disease that affects the joints

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

autoimmune disease that affects the connective tissues, skin, kidneys, and lungs

blood smear

blood on glass slide, add hematoxyin and eosin dyes

complete blood count (CBC)

blood tests determine. number, type, and characteristics of RBCs

type and crossmatch

determines blod type and Rh factor

coagulation time tests

time to clot, uses international normalized ration (INR)

blood chemistries

measures lvls of substances in blood

feritin

measures Fe lvls stored in blood

phlebotomy

small hole in vein, collect blood with vacuum tube

plasmapheresis

seperate RBCs from plasma

anticoagulants

prevent clots by inhibiting clotting factors or vitamin K

erythropoietin

stimulates red bone marrow to make erythrocytes (RBCs)

nucleoitide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

retroviral Tx for HIV

bone marrow aspiration

aspiration and removal of red marrow from hip

splenectomy

removal of spleen post-rupture/accident

thymectomy

removal of thymus due to benign tumor, cancer tumor, or myasthenia gravis