Nursing Fundamentals - Day

Nurse

A professional who provides care to individuals, families, and communities, requiring a strong sense of responsibility, integrity, education, and the integration of art and science in working with people.

What staff and mythical figures are the symbols of modern medicine?

The Staff of Aesculapius and the Caduceus

Hippocrates

Known as the "Father of Medicine," emphasized holistic healthcare and laid the groundwork for modern nursing and medicine by focusing on the whole person's needs.

Who were the Roman Matrons?

Women who cared for the sick and injured.

Is the following statement true or false?

Hippocrates helped lay the groundwork for modern nursing and medicine.

TRUE

He emphasized the importance of holistic healthcare, which involved caring for the whole person. This helped lay the groundwork for modern nursing and medicine where nurses are required to be attentive to a client’s emotion, lifestyles, physical changes, spiritual needs, and individual challenges.

What happened during The Reformation (from 1500s to 1800s)

Many monasteries closed; the few women who provided care were prisoners or prostitutes.

Nursing was considered the most menial of all tasks.

Dark ages of nursing

1836: Pastor Theodor Fliedner

Opened the first nursing school in the U.S. (Pittsburg Infirmary/Passavant Hospital) and opened Kaiserswerth School for Nursing

• Lutheran Order of Deaconesses

• Most famous student: Florence Nightingale

• Status of nursing began to improve with the increase of nursing schools

Florence Nightingale

“Lady with the lamp” cut the chain of infection through handwashing: 15-20 seconds

A pioneer in nursing, known for her work during the Crimean War, establishing sanitary conditions, and promoting quality nursing care, she emphasized the importance of taking care of the patient over servicing the hospital and laid the foundation for nursing education.

Nightingale School

The first nursing school outside a hospital, founded by Florence Nightingale, emphasized principles such as cleanliness, individualized care, teamwork, self-discipline, and continuous learning in nursing education.

True or False?

Florence Nightingale’s school emphasized the importance of providing service to the hospital.

FALSE

Nightingale’s school emphasized the importance of learning, rather than merely service to the hospital.

First nursing schools in the USA (1800s)

FIRST nursing school in the U.S. = Pittsburgh Infirmary / Passavant Hospital in PENNSYLVANIA (PA). Opened by Pastor Fliedner.

Other notable schools:

Bellevue Hospital School of Nursing in New York

Connecticut Training School in New Haven

Boston Training School at Massachusetts General Hospital

Dorothea Lynde Dix (1802-1887)

Recruited volunteer nurses to treat men injured in the Civil War

Reinforced a campaign against the inhumane treatment of mentally ill patients

Clara Barton (1821-1912)

Founded the American Red Cross; important for blood donation.

Melinda Ann (Linda) Richards (1841-1930)

First trained nurse in the U.S.

Lillian Wald

Founder of American public health nursing

Funded the Henry Street settlement (help those in lower income get treatment)

Convinced New York City schools to have school nurses

Persuaded President Theodore Roosevelt to create the Federal Children’s Bureau

Insisted nursing education happen in institutions of higher learning (ex: universities, college)

Mary E. Mahoney

First African American that went to nursing and graduated as a nurse, promoted fair treatment of African Americans in healthcare, promoted integration and better working conditions for minority healthcare workers in Boston

American Nurses

Notable figures in nursing history, including Dorothea Dix, Clara Barton, Linda Richards, and Isabel Hampton Robb, who made significant contributions to nursing education, practice, and organization in the United States.

Advance Practice Registered Nurse (APRN)

A Registered Nurse (RN) who receives additional training in a specialized field such as pediatrics or maternity, also known as a Nurse Practitioner.

Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse (LVN/LPN)

Works under the supervision of an RN.

Responsible for COC, ADPIE, Medpass, and the totality of the patient.

Certified Nurses Aide (CNA)

Provides basic nursing care in a long-term care facility.

Responsible for the patient’s personal hygiene and health.

Approved Nursing Programs

Programs that must maintain specific educational standards defined by legislating bodies and have approval from specific state agencies or nursing authorities.

Accredited Nursing Programs

Programs that have voluntary accreditation completed by agencies other than the state, giving further evidence of excellence.

Nurse’s Pledge

A guide for nursing practice recited by RNs and LPNs.

Theories of Nursing

Theoretical frameworks providing reasons and purposes for nursing actions by notable figures like Florence Nightingale and Virginia Henderson.

Nursing Roles

Care Provider, Client, Teacher, Advocate, Communicator, Leader, Team Member.

Informed Consent

Ensuring a client understands their rights and responsibilities, a duty of a nurse known as Client Advocate.

Nurse’s Image

Guidelines for projecting a professional image, showing respect, and maintaining hygiene and safety levels.

Nursing Organizations

Provide professional forums, continuing education opportunities, and influence healthcare legislation.

National Organizations

Include NAPNES, National League for Nursing, HOSA, American Nurses Association, and others.

International Council of Nursing

Major international organization focusing on professional nursing practice, regulation of standards, and socioeconomic welfare for nurses.

Nurse Practice Act

Swear to protect the public and their well-being from unqualified workers.

Establish standards for the profession

Differentiate between a qualified and an unqualified worker.

Laws that define and regulate the practice of nursing, including standards, licensure, and responsibilities.

Nursing Standards

Guidelines that outline the expected level of care and performance for nurses.

Informed Consent

Process where clients are informed of risks, benefits, and alternatives of treatments before agreeing to them.

Malpractice

Improper or harmful treatment by a healthcare provider that results in injury to the patient.

Negligence

Harm caused by failing to provide proper care or taking necessary precautions.

Liability

Legal responsibility for one's actions or failure to act appropriately.

Assault

Threat or attempt to do bodily harm to another person.

HIPAA

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996:

Confidentiality, Protects client information and privacy, needs to be DPOA.

25k-250k + 10yr jail time

False Imprisonment

Restraining a person's movement without proper authorization.

Invasion of Privacy

Violation of an individual's right to keep personal information confidential.

Abandonment of Care

Prematurely stopping care for a client without proper handoff or notification.

Release of Information

Process of legally sharing client information with authorized individuals.

Continuing Education

Ongoing learning to maintain and improve nursing skills and knowledge.

NCLEX

The Licensing Examination for nurses for graduates from an approved nursing program.

*$200 to schedule a test and $400 to take the test.

Good Samaritan Act

Protects individuals providing emergency care within the limits of first aid and in a reasonable manner in most states.

Brain Death

Irreversible cessation of all functions of the brain, including the brain stem.

Ethics Committee

Group of healthcare professionals responsible for education, policy-making, case review, and advocacy for clients.

Vulnerable Persons

Individuals such as children, hospitalized individuals, and older people who are protected by the law from injury, abuse, or neglect.

Unlicensed Assistive Personnel (UPA)

Does not need to be in nursing school

The patient’s caregiver.

Registered Nurse (RN)

Need one of two things to be an RN:

1) Associate in Nursing

2) BSN: Bachelor Science of Nursing

Responsible for patient care and supervises the LVNs

Nursing developments that happened during WWI

First emergency training of nurses, The Army School of Nursing.

Nursing developments that happened during WWII

Both men and women were recruited into nursing.

14,000 volunteer nurses graduated in 2 years.

Mandatory Licensure

Designated the function, duties, and responsibilities of the nurse and use of the title “nurse” in the particular state.

Students are SVN (student vocational nurse) or SN (student nurse)

Endorsement

*in relation to nurse licensure

A form of agreement between states, particularly state licensing agencies

Reciprocity

*in relation to nurse licensure

A type of recognition of previous education and experience from state to state

RNs recite this nurse pledge

Florence Nightingale Pledge

LVNs recite this nurse pledge

Practical Nurse’s Pledge

Nurse role as a teacher

TEACH the client and their family about illness and health care

Nurse role as a leader

Motivate the client to achieve important goals

Nurse role as a communicator

Communicate with other healthcare team members by Documenting client care and Maintaining reports

Nurse role as a team member

Work in Cooperation with other members of the healthcare team.

Nurse role as a client advocate

Speak for the patient. HELP clients understand their rights and responsibilities; EXPLAIN details about procedures to enable clients to give informed consent.

NAPNES

National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Service: mandates all RNs and LVNs

The first national nursing organization to describe goals for the development and improvement of practical nursing education.

NFLPN

National Association of Licensed Practical Nurses, Inc. formally National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses.

Organization that provides the standards of nursing care and promoting competence through post licensure education and certification.

NLN

National League for Nursing:

Major focus is providing accreditation to RN and LVN/LPN schools

HOSA

Health Occupations Students of America:

Specifically designed for students in secondary and post-secondary / collegiate health occupational programs

ANA

American Nurses Association:

Organization whose membership is made up of RNs; considered the official voice of professional nursing in the U.S.

Shaman

Medicine man that cures the '“sinned” or cursed by evil spirits

Mortality

Amount of death, amount of dead people

Morbidity

Amount of sickness, amount of sick people

UTI

Urinary Tract Infection

Dysuria

Difficulty urinating

Anuria

Absence of urine

Pyuria

Pus in the urine, cloudy.

Hematuria

Blood in urine

Urinalysis

Urine lab work, collect urine in a little cup and study it in a lab.

E. Coli

Escherichia Coli, bacteria found in the lower intestine

Layman’s term

Something that you can explain to the patient instead of using medical terminology

WWI

First emergency training of nurses: Army School of Nursing

WWII

Both men and women were recruited into nursing.

14,000 recruits graduated in 2 years, gave women a sense of independence.

IDT / IDG

Inter-Disciplinary Team / Group

Multi-medical team meeting of doctors MDs, RNs, LVN, CNA, Ancillary personnel, MSW medical social worker, Chaplin-spiritual/emotional support and the PT.

MD

Medical Doctor; 4-8 years

Responsible for medical diagnosis, writes orders for the patient.

RN

Registered Nurse; 2-4yrs (associates/Bachelors)

Responsible for admission, IV infusion (start an injection), has a BSN

LVN / LPN

Licensed Vocational / Practical Nurse; 14-18 months

Responsible for helping RNs

CNA

Certified Nurse Assistant; 3 month program

Responsible for pts personal hygiene, reports to the LVN nurse of any changes to the pt

MSW

Medical Social Worker; gov resources for pt

Responsible for handling abuse and the pt’s family.

UPA

Unlicensed Assistive Personnel

APRN

Advanced Practice Registered Nurse; Nurse Practitioner that has a specialty (peds, maternity, neuro, etc.)

Ancillary Personnel

Additional specialist (physical therapist/occupational therapist/speech therapy/etc.)

Not every patient needs one.

Chaplin

Spiritual and emotional support of the pt.

PT

The Patient

Mandatory Licensure

Designates the function, duties, and responsibilities of the nurse and the use of the title “nurse” in the particular state.

Students are SVN or SN: Student Vocational Nurse or Student Nurse

Endorsement

Form of agreement btwn states, particularly state licensing agencies.

EX: Transfers from CA to NY, Board has to make sure your CA license is transffered to NY state.

Reciprocity

Type of recognition of previous education and experience from state to state.

If in a foreign school, the state has to see if you have the accreditation matching the state.

MDs recite this pledge

Hippocrates Oath

A/Ox4

Alert and Oriented times 4 (knows their name, age, date, year)

Nursing Image

Look professional, show respect to everyone, have good grooming and hygiene, wash uniform have an ID, stay healthy.

Halitosis

Bad breath

PPE

Personal Protective Equipment

Donning

Put ON [clothes]