Anatomy & Physiology Final
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64 Terms
A primary function of lymphocytes is to
Act against foreign substances
percentage of red blood cells in the blood
hematocrit
what is on the surfaces of blood
antigens
Erythroblastosis fetalis can be prevented by treating
Rh-negative mothers with anti-Rh agglutinins (antibodies)
Adults of average height and weight have a total blood volume of about
5 L
average lifespan of an erythrocyte (red blood cells)
80-120 days
What could a high white blood cell count indicate?
A and B (appendicitis and leukemia)
Plasma makes up ___ of blood
55%
the most active phagocytic cells in circulating blood are
neutrophils and monocytes
what are the three layers of the heart
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
in normal circulation blood flow usually follows this pattern of vessels
artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein
difference between arteries and veins
arteries carry away from the heart, veins carry to the heart
what are the four valves
tricuspid, pulmonic, bicuspid, aortic
what are the four chambers
right and left atriums, right and left ventricles
blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules
capillaries
contraction of the heart is called
systole
relaxation of the heart is called
diastole
what blood does the vena cava recieve
deoxygenated
what blood does the aorta recieve
oxygenated
what is in the cardiovascular system
heart, arteries, veins,capillaries
what is in the pulmonary circuit
heart, pulmonary arteries, capillaries of lungs, pulmonary veins
when the ventricular walls contract, the
bicuspid and tricuspid valves close
what valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle
mitral
what chamber of the heart pumps blood to the left lung
right ventricle
what is the normal heart rate
60-100 beats per min
apex is
the superior portion on the lungs
what is an autoimmune disease
where the body attacks itself
what is the lymphatic system
system that protects against infections
fluid within lymphatic vessels
lymph
what does the thymus do in the lymphatic system
forms antibodies and development of immune response in newborns
what is a specific body defense mechanism
immunity
a normal immune response requires
T and B cells
the type of resistance that is a response to contracting an infectious disease is
naturally acquired active immunity
where is the digestive system
alimentary canal
what is a hernia
a bulge on the skin from straining
the main part of the stomach
body
one of the major functions of the large intenstine is to
reabsorb water from chyme
what does the gallbladder do
stores, modifies, and concentrates bile
food passes from
duodenum, jejunum, ileum (also pharynx)
the vocal cords are located in
larynx
what is alveoli and what does it do
small air sacs, exchanges gas in lungs
the opening between the vocal cords
glottis
the muscular action that causes air to move into the lungs during inspiration is provided by
diaphragm
which lung is larger
right
breathing rate is most likely to increase if the blood level of
carbon dioxide increases
hyperventilation is
low CO2
urine formation involves
all of these (tubular, glomerular)
tube that connects kidney to the bladder
ureter
where does ovarian cysts occur in women
ovaries
where are the kidneys located
against dorsal body wall, each side of spinal column
transports urine from kidney to urinary bladder
urethra
what are androgens
male sex hormone
what chromosomes do males have
XY
testosterone is
male sex hormone produced by testes
fetal stage of development begins at the end of
eight weeks
how many weeks of development until external reproductive are shown
twelve weeks
what does the placenta do
transports O2, CO2, nutrients. waste
the foramen ovale is an opening that allows fetal blood to pass from the
right atrium to left atrium
the ductus arteriosus allows fetal blood to move from the
pulmonary trunk into the aorta
A premature fetus has an increased chance of surviving if it produces enough surfactant to aid the functions of its
respiratory system
Which of the following best describes the numbers of blood vessels usually found in the umbilical cord?
two arteries. one vein
hormone that allows women to contract while giving birth
oxytocin
Hyperventilation causes
a decrease in plasma pCO2.
Blood flow in the heart in order
Vena cava, R atrium, tricuspid, R ventricle, pulmonic, lungs, veins, L atrium, bicuspid, L ventricle, aortic, body