Health & Wellness (NR222) - QUIZ 1 REVIEW

What are the five tenants for Chamberlain Care?

1. Care for faculty

2. Care for students

3. Care for partners

4. Care for patients

5. Care for community

Define "Chamberlain Care".

Our way of being: caring for ourselves informs and sustains caring relationships with our colleagues, students, patients, and the community we touch.

What is Compassion Fatigue?

Compassion Fatigue in nursing is known as the depletion of emotional, physical and spiritual well being as a result of caring for others.

What are some ways to prevent compassion fatigue?

- Self-awareness

- Establish professional boundaries

- Educate/learn more about compassion fatigue in itself

- Practice self-care measures.

What is the most important thing to do before caring for others?

Caring for yourself. Ways to do this can differ upon individuals but can include:

- Scheduling and planning

- Healthy food habits/hydration

- Making time for your needs

- Practice mindfulness

What are some signs of Compassion Fatigue?

- difficulty sleeping

- anger/irritability

- anxiety

- exhaustion

- weight gain/loss

- use of drugs/alcohol

Which hormone contributes to weight gain with excessive production due to chronic stress?

Cortisol

Name the three stages to Selye's general adaptation syndrome.

1. alarm stage - release of hormones in the body to prepare for "fight or flight" mode

2. resistance stage - all coping skills and mechanisms used to stabilize the body

3. exhaustion stage - body becomes overwhelmed and resources are depleted

Describe Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM).

Definition: Defines health as a positive, dynamic state, not merely the absence of disease.

*** Pender's Health Promotion Model is directed at increasing a person's level of well-being, focusing on three things:

1. individual characteristics and experiences

2. behavior-specific knowledge and affect

3. behavioral outcomes in which the person commits to changing a behavior.

Define Health Belief Model and name the three components.

Definition: Addresses the relationship between a person's beliefs and behaviors.

- Component 1 = involves individuals perception of susceptibility to illness.

- Component 2 = Seriousness of illness (according to individual)

- Component 3 = Likelihood that preventative action will be taken.

Define Holistic Health Model and list some different strategies.

Definition: Promotes patients optimal level of health by considering the dynamic interactions among the emotional, spiritual, social, cultural, and physical aspects of the individuals wellness.

Strategies include:

- meditation

- relaxation

- music therapy

- touch

- guided imagery

Define Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.

Model used to understand patients basic human needs. However, when applying this model, it is important to understand that everyone's needs are different.

*** Unique to Individuals ***

Name the five needs in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.

1. Self-actualization (Exs: creativity, spontaneity, law & order, morality, achievement)

2. Esteem (Exs: Self-esteem, respect for others, confidence)

3. Love/belonging (Exs: Family, sexual intimacy, friends)

4. Safety (Exs: shelter, security, employment)

5. Physiological (Exs: sex, food, breathing, sleep, health)

Name some internal & external factors/variables that influence a person's health.

Internal:

- growth and development

- intellectual background

- emotional factors

External:

- family health practices

- cultural background

Define Health

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Define illness

a state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired

List some factors that contribute to health.

- lifestyle choices

- genetic makeup

- environment in which you live

- disease or disability

- psychological or mental health issues

Define wellness and list some factors that determine wellness.

an overall positive state of well-being or total health

- environmental state

- financial state

- mental state

- physical state

- social state

List and describe the Three Levels of Prevention.

1. Primary Prevention = this is true prevention, the goal is to reduce the incidence of disease

2. Secondary Prevention = Focuses on preventing the spread of the disease/illness/infection once it occurs

3. Tertiary Prevention = Irreversible disease/defects -- focuses on minimizing the effects of long-term disability

List an example(s) for the three levels of prevention.

Primary = this is form of immunization, preventing yourself from illness or disease.

Secondary = this would be when you get preventative tests done. Colonoscopy in prevention of colon cancer. Eye test, prevention of blindness, testing for sexually transmitted diseases, etc...

Tertiary = This is when the damage is already done, and you focus on bettering yourself long term. An example of this would be amputation of a limb due to uncontrolled diabetes and that person seeks rehabilitation to maintain strength and PREVENT amputation of further limbs or even death. Another example would be someone who has hypertension and takes medication for it... HOWEVER, the preventative step would be if this person engages in seeking nutritional guidance to PREVENT a heart attack.

*** key to understanding this is acknowledging the difference between TREATMENT and PREVENTION. Two totally different things, we are not looking for ways to treat illnesses in this concept, just ways to prevent. ***

Immunizations are an example of what type of prevention?

Illness prevention/ form of primary prevention

Describe The Transtheoretical Model of Change and list the five stages.

- this model is used to assess one's readiness for new behaviors

1. pre-contemplation (thinking there is no need for change)

2. contemplation (thinking about change)

3. preparation (planning for change)

4. action (actively changing behavior)

5. maintenance (maintaining that change)

Sample Question applying Maslow's Hierarchy:

A healthcare professional is conducting a home care visit with an older adult couple. While in the home, the professional weighs each individual and reviews the food diary. The professional checks vital signs and encourages the couple to increase daily fluids and activity levels to help with their voiced concern about constipation. The professional is addressing which level of need according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs?​

a. Love and belonging

b. Physiological

c. Self-actualization

d. Safety and security

Answer is B - physiological

Sample Question:

A client presents to an immunization clinic to receive influenza and tetanus (Td) vaccines. Which need, according to Maslow's hierarchy, is being met?​

a. Aesthetic

b. Safety and security

c. Cognitive

d. Physiological

Answer is B - safety and security

Erik Erikson Theory of Psychosocial Development:

1. Trust vs. mistrust (birth-18 months) = ability to trust others.. infants learn who they can trust

2. Autonomy vs. sense of shame and doubt (18 months-3 years) = independence, ability to make own choices for one's self

3. Initiative vs. guilt (3-6 years old) = imagination, exploring different roles and environments

4. Industry vs. inferiority (6-12 years old) = engaging in activities and tasks, being social

5. Identity vs. role confusion (puberty) = MOST IMPORTANT ROLE. This is when children begin to question their identity, the "who am I" question.

6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adult) = vulnerability, think of love and lust and understanding the difference

7. Generatively vs. self-absorption and stagnation (middle age) = reproduction, intimate relationship and possibility of expanding the family through future generations.

8. Integrity vs. despair (old age) = questioning everything in life, reminiscing about old times, regret and feeling like "more should've been done"