Gov Unit 2

Which constitutional amendment granted women the right to vote? (multiple choice)

Nineteenth

Which of the following is not a major function of political parties?
To "educate" the public
(multiple choice)

To manage their donors' finances

Which of the following groups are least likely to vote? (multiple choice)

The younger and less educated

_________________________ refers to measures taken in hiring, recruitment, employment, and education to remedy past and present discrimination against members of specific groups. (multiple choice)

Affirmative action

In ___________, the Indian Citizenship Act granted citizenship to all Native Americans born after its passage. (multiple choice)

1924

The total number of persons in the United States who are 18 years of age or older, regardless of citizenship, military status, felony conviction, or mental state, is referred to as (multiple choice)

Voting-age-population

_____________________ is the percentage of people who are eligible to vote who actually vote. (multiple choice)

Voter turnout

The Republican Party has dominated Texas elections and politics for more than two decades. Therefore, Texas has been a ___________ state for more than two decades. (multiple choice)

Red

A/An _______________________ is an individual selected by a party to run for office under that party's label. (multiple choice)

nominee

________________________________ refers to a belief that one belongs to a certain party

an emotional connection to a particular party. (multiple choice)

Party identification

Which of the following is not re

uirement that prospective voters have to meet in order to vote in federal elections in their state? (multiple choice)

_________________________________ refers to the transition from one dominant-party system to another. In Texas politics, it refers to the rise and possible dominance of the Republican Party in Recent years. (multiple choice)

Party realignment

A/An _______________________ is a voter who is not registered or affiliated with any political party. (fill in the blank)

independent

A __________________ refers to an election held by a political party to nominate its candidates (usually held in the spring). (fill in the blank)

primary

E

uality of __________________________ is a conception of e

Cesar ________________ was a Latino civil rights leader who founded the United Farm Workers and used nonviolent, grassroots mobilization to seek civil right for Latinos and improved working conditions for agricultural workers. (fill in the blank)

Chavez

E

uality of ___________________ refers to a conception that seeks to provide all citizens with opportunities for participation in economic system and public life but accepts une

As political moderates, or individuals with ideologies in the middle of the ideological spectrum, leave the political parties at all levels, the parties have grown farther apart ideologically, a result called party __________________________. (fill in the blank)

polariztion

At the time of the American Revolution, women had few rights. Although single women were allowed to own property, married women were not. When women married, their separate legal identities were erased under the legal principle of coverture. Not only did women adopt their husband's names, but all personal property they owned legally became their husbands' property. (TRUE or FALSE)

TRUE

Brown v. Board of Education (1954) is a U.S. Supreme Court decision which struck down laws that prohibited people marrying individuals of a different race. (TRUE or FALSE)

FALSE

Loving v. Virginia (1967) is a U.S. Supreme Court decision which struck down laws that prohibited people from marrying individuals of a different race. (TRUE or FALSE)

TRUE

Brown v. Board of Education (1954) - a U.S. Supreme Court decision that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and declared that government-mandated racial segregation in schools and other facilities and programs violates the e

ual protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. (TRUE or FALSE)

De jure segregation refers to racial segregation in housing and schools that was presumed to occur through people's voluntary choices about where they wanted to live but was actually facilitated by the discriminatory actions of landlords, real estate agents, and banks. (TRUE or FALSE)

FALSE

De facto segregation refers to racial segregation by laws and policies created by government officials. (TRUE or FALSE)

FALSE

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) is a U.S. Supreme Court decision that endorsed the legality of racial segregation by permitting "separate but e

ual" services and facilities for African Americans. (TRUE or FALSE)

Political

uality is a fundamental value underlying the governing system of the United States that emphasizes all citizens' opportunities to vote, run for office, own property, and enjoy civil liberties protections under the Constitution. (TRUE or FALSE)

Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a federal statute that effectively attacked literacy tests and other techni

ues used to prevent African American from voting. (TRUE or FALSE)

Political Action Committees can raise unlimited sums from unlimited sources, but they cannot coordinate their campaign activities and spending with the candidates they are trying to help. (TRUE or FALSE)

TRUE

Participation Paradox refers to various factors that favor office-holders running for re-election over challengers. Those already in office have a huge advantage in their efforts to win re-election (TRUE or FALSE)

FALSE

There are no limits on campaign contributions in the United States. An individual may contribute directly to a candidate as much as he/she wants in any election. (TRUE or FALSE)

FALSE

Before most voters are allowed to cast a ballot, they must register to vote in their state. (TRUE or FALSE)

TRUE

Incumbent advantage refers to the various factors that favor office-holders running for re-election over challengers. Those already in office have a huge advantage in their efforts to win re-election (TRUE or FALSE)

TRUE

The fundamental principle on which every representative democracy is based is citizen participation in the political process (TRUE or FALSE)

TRUE

Unit rule refers to a district or precinct that is drawn specifically to favor some political party, candidate, or ethnic group. (TRUE or FALSE)

FALSE

Redistricting the process of redrawing legislative district boundaries within a state to reflect population changes. The shifting of district boundaries can have massive political implications. (TRUE or FALSE)

TRUE

The Supreme Court decision mandated reapportionment: the redrawing of district and precinct lines following the national census to reflect population changes. Through this process seats in the House of Representatives are assigned among the states to reflect those population changes following the Census (every 10 years). (TRUE or FALSE)

TRUE

Each legislator should represent approximately the same number of people. (TRUE or FALSE).

TRUE

The Electoral College is the procedure for selecting the president and vice president of the United States, defined in Article II of the Constitution. The voters in each state choose electors to attend a gathering where the electors make the final decision. (TRUE or FALSE)

TRUE

Minor or third parties have little chance of winning in a two-party system. (TRUE or FALSE)

TRUE

Measures taken in hiring, recruitment, employment, and education to remedy past and present discrimination against members of specific groups are referred to as _____________. (notes)

affirmative action

The House of Representatives has how many voting members? (notes)

435 - 2 year terms

The Senate has how many voting members? (notes)

100 - 6 year terms

What did the 13th amendment (1865) do? (notes)

abolished slavery in the land of the free

What did the 15th amendment do? (notes)

all men can vote

What did the 26th amendment do? (notes)

change the voting age limit from 21 to 18

What does the 14th amendment deal with? (notes)

citizenship, everyone is e

SHORT ANSWER QUESTION (notes) What is affirmative action? Why do some support it? Why are some against it? Extra credit: tell me what you think about it.

Affirmative action refers to policies designed to actively increase opportunities for historically underrepresented groups in areas like education and employment, aiming to address past systemic discrimination by giving them preferential consideration in selection processes. Some support it to promote diversity and level the playing field, while others oppose it due to concerns about reverse discrimination and potential unfairness to individuals not belonging to targeted groups.

What is the Bradley effect? (notes)
context: Tom Bradley ran for government in the 1980s and lost when he had "majority" which really had to do with race (Bradley was African American)

Social pressure to answer

Despite the fact that we are a highly educated society, this advanced level of education has not directly translated into a more politically informed citizenry. (TRUE or FALSE)

TRUE

What is Conservatism? (notes)

traditional approach to social issues - less power to federal government, more to state and people, closer to capitalism, limited role for government in taxation, economic regulation, providing good services, cautious to social change

What is Liberalism? (notes)

believes in liberties and rights, everyone should be treated the same way, advocates for positive government action to improve the welfare of individuals, government reputation of the economy, civil rights, tolerance of social change

What is the trickle down effect and what is a counter argument? (notes)

The trickle down effect: ex. lower taxes for all
Counter argument (liberal): doesn't want lower taxes for the wealthy because of the theory that you don't need more

SHORT ANSWER QUESTION What are the major tenets of conservatism and liberalism? (notes)

Conservatism: limited government, traditional values, free markets, law and order, gradual change (slow)
Liberalism: active government, progressive values, economic regulation, civil liberties & individual rights

What is an incumbent advantage? (notes)

the various factors that favor office holder running for re-election in their efforts to win re-election

What is electoral behavior? (notes)

any activity broadly linked to the outcome of a political campaign, such as voting, making phone calls, sending texts, and even talking with friends and neighbors about the upcoming election

What is voter turnout? (notes)

the percentage of people who are eligible to vote who actually vote

What is voting-age-population? (notes)

the total number of people who are the age to vote

What is voting-eligible-population? (notes)

they are of the age to vote, they can register to vote

SHORT ANSWER QUESTION: What is the electoral college? What is it? Why do some dislike it or want it gone (Why do some want to dismantle the EC?)?

The electoral college is the procedure for selecting the president and vice president of the United States (defined in Article II Section 1 Clause 2 of the Constitution). Its purpose is to protect smaller states. Some dislike the EC because they say it is unfair that someone won the presidency but not the popularity of votes.

How many electoral votes from district from colombia? (notes)

3

____ electors in each presidential election. (notes)

538

What is the minimum amount of electoral votes to win a presidential election? (notes)

270 (50%+1)

What is a political party? (notes)

an organization influenced by political ideology

What is ideology? (notes)

a set of beliefs of how the country should be run

What is a moderate? (notes)

a person who is closer to the center (center meaning not extreme political standings)

SHORT ANSWER QUESTION: Court Case - Citizens United

1. What is citizens united?

2. Why do some say citizens united is wrong?

3. Why do some support citizens united? Bonus

uestion: what do you believe?
(notes)

How can the federal, state, and local governments discriminate in all these ways even though the e

ual protection clause seems to suggest that everyone is to be treated the same? (notes)