Sigmund Freud

Founder of psychoanalysis that eventually led to

Psychodynamic

Primacy of the first

5 years of life

3 parts of a personality

• ID

• Ego

• Superegoc

ID

• Unconsciuous

• Present at birth

• Selfish

• Instant gratification

• Pleasure principle

Ego

• Balance between the desires of the ID and the demands of the superego

• Negotiates and comprimise

• Protects us and help us make good decisions

• Defense mechanism (unconsious tools)

  • Repression

  • Humor

Defense Mechanism

Methods used by the ego to prevent unconscious anxiety or threatening thoughts from entering consciousness.  They become unhealthy only when they cause self-defeating and emotional problems.

Repression

Occurs when a threatening idea, memory, or emotion is blocked from consciousness.

Projection

Occurs when a person’s own unacceptable or threatening feelings are repressed and then attributed to someone else.

Dicplacement

Occurs when people direct their emotions (especially anger) toward things, animals, or other people that are not the real object of their feelings.

Sublimation

Occurs when displacement serves a  higher cultural or socially useful purpose, as in the creation of art or inventions.

Reaction formation

Occurs when a feeling that produces unconscious anxiety is transformed into its opposite in consciousness.  The professed feeling is excessive, and the person is extravagant and vehement about demonstrating it.

Regression

Occurs when a person reverts to a previous phase of psychological development.

Rationalizing

The providing of socially acceptable reasons for inappropriate behavior. 

Denial

Occurs when people refuse to admit that something is unpleasant, such as mistreatment by a partner; that they have a problem, such as drinking too much; or that they are feeling a forbidden emotion, such as anger.

Superego

• Judgemental

• Bossy

• Moralistic

• Represents parental authortiy

How do we develop?

Through a series of psychosexual development

Psychosexual stages

• Oral Stage

• Anal State

• Phallic Stage

Oral stage (0-1)

• Babies expereince the world through their mouth

• Brest feeding

  • Some babies are detached too early and other very late, producing unconscious anxiety; not fixed = oral fixation

Oral fixations

• Toung ring

• Chewing gum

• Applying lip gloss every 30 seconds

• Sucking thumb

• Nail biting

Anal (1-3)

• Unresolved - fixation -

• Anal retentive

  • Control isses

  • neat

• Anal expulsive

  • Messy

Anal retentive

• Control issues

• Neat

• OCD

Anal expulsive

• Messy

Phallic (3-6)

• Exploring gender/indentity

• Fixation

  • Oedipus complex

  • Electra Complex

Oedipus Complex

• Attraction to mother - ego emerges from brother not wanting father to find out his attraction because his sister has no penis

Electra Complex

Girls develop penis envy

Latency Stage (7-12)

• Reduced libido

• Libido is discharged throuhg a distinct body area that characterizes each stage

Genital (12+)

• Strong developmement of sexual interest in people outside family