Anatomy Exam 3 Review

Okstate Dr J

What is the tissue that separates the radius and the ulna?

The interosseous membrane.

Where do you find the coracohumeral ligament?

Between the coracoid process of the scapula and the greater tubercle of the humerus.

What is impingement syndrome?

Inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon as it passes through the subacromial space (supraspinatus syndrome).

What are the movements of the trapezius?

Upper fibers: elevation and upward rotation of the scapula; Middle fibers: adduction (retraction) of the scapula; Lower fibers: depression and upward rotation of the scapula.

What is nursemaid’s elbow?

Radial head subluxation—displacement of the radius out from under the annular ligament due to a sudden pull on an extended arm.

Where do you find the subscapular fossa?

On the anterior surface of the scapula.

Where is the intertubercular groove?

On the anterior proximal humerus, between the greater and lesser tubercles.

Which two muscles are responsible for the overhead throw?

Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi.

Which bone is developed intramembranously?

The clavicle.

What muscle is found in the subscapular fossa?

Subscapularis.

What muscle is responsible for the first 15–30 degrees of shoulder abduction?

Supraspinatus.

What are the muscles of the rotator cuff?

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis.

What is a boxer’s fracture?

Fracture of the neck of the 2nd or 3rd metacarpal from a punch.

What’s a barroom fracture?

Fracture of the 4th or 5th metacarpal.

What structures are involved in shoulder subluxation?

Partial displacement of the humeral head relative to the glenoid; involves the glenohumeral ligaments and labrum.

Which structures are involved in shoulder dislocation?

Complete separation of the humeral head from the glenoid fossa; often injures the glenohumeral ligaments and capsule.

What is little league elbow?

Overuse injury affecting the flexor-pronator muscle origin at the medial epicondyle of the humerus.

Near what tendon do you feel your pulse?

Radial artery near the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis.

If you have a contraction of both the flexor carpi radialis and the extensor carpi radialis what movement will occur?

Radial deviation of the wrist.

What muscle is responsible for the empty can test?

Supraspinatus.

What structure is associated with tennis elbow?

Lateral epicondyle

What muscle is called the “lat helper”?

Teres major.

What direction is the most common shoulder dislocation?

Anterior

Where do you find the thoracolumbar fascia?

As the origin of latissimus dorsi, spanning sacrum to lower thoracic vertebrae.

Where do you find the capitulum?

On the lateral distal humerus, articulating with the head of the radius.

What muscle is the workhorse of the elbow flexors?

Brachialis.

Why is the biceps not fully effective when the arm is pronated?

Its tendon is twisted on the radial tuberosity, reducing mechanical advantage

Which muscle of the wrist and fingers does not articulate from the medial epicondyle?

Extensor carpi radialis longus.

Where is the trochlear joint?

Between the trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna.

What is the first ligament to be damaged in a shoulder separation?

Acromioclavicular ligament.

Why does winging of the scapula occur?

Paralysis of the serratus anterior.

What is a frozen shoulder?

Adhesive capsulitis—inflammation and stiffening of the glenohumeral capsule.

What is subluxation?

Partial dislocation of a joint.

What is Bankart’s lesion, and where do you find injury there?

Tear of the anteroinferior portion of the glenoid labrum of the shoulder, humeral head dislocates anteriorly and detaches the labrum from the glenoid rim.

What causes carpal tunnel syndrome?

Compression of the median nerve under the transverse carpal ligament.

Where is the site for carpal tunnel syndrome?

Under the flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament) at the anterior wrist.

Where do you find the pisiform?

In the proximal row of carpals, medially

Which two carpals are part of the radiocarpal joint?

Scaphoid and lunate.

The flexor digitorum superficialis can flex all joints but one; which one is that?

Distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints.

Where is the anatomical snuff box?

On the lateral dorsal wrist, between the tendons of extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis/abductor pollicis longus.

What tendons make up the anatomical snuff box?

Extensor pollicis longus medially; extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus laterally.

What is the thenar eminence?

The group of intrinsic thumb muscles on the radial palm: flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, adductor pollicis.

What is the hypothenar eminence?

The group of intrinsic little‑finger muscles: abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi.

The palmaris longus that is used in Tommy John’s surgery attaches to what distally?

The palmar aponeurosis.

What bones form the saddle joint?

Trapezium and the base of the first metacarpal.

How do you find your palmaris longus?

Oppose thumb and little finger and flex the wrist; its tendon will stand out if present.

Where do you find the lumbricals?

In the hand, originating from flexor digitorum profundus tendons and inserting on extensor expansions of digits 2–5.

What is a baseball finger?

Mallet finger—rupture of the terminal extensor tendon at the distal interphalangeal joint.

What nerves are in the brachial plexus?

Musculocutaneous nerve, axillary nerve, radial nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve.

What is the survival question regarding coniferous trees?

Coniferous trees are edible.