Soft Tissue Neoplasms

This set of flashcards covers key concepts from the lecture on soft tissue neoplasms, including classifications, benign and malignant tumors, treatment options, and prognosis factors.

What term is used to describe non-epithelial tissue arising from mesoderm derivatives, excluding certain tissues?

Soft tissue.

Name the most common benign soft tissue tumor.

Lipoma.

What are two benign tumors that arise from muscle tissue?

Rhabdomyoma and Leiomyoma.

What is a locally malignant tumor that infiltrates but does not metastasize?

Desmoid tumor.

List the types of malignant soft tissue sarcomas mentioned.

Liposarcoma, Fibrosarcoma, Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Leiomyosarcoma, Lymphangiosarcoma, Hemangiosarcoma, Malignant Schwannoma, Kaposi sarcoma, Malignant hamartoma, Synovial sarcoma, Epithelioid sarcoma.

What symptoms indicate potential benign to malignant transformation?

Rapid increase in size, increased vascularity, fixity, involvement of nearby structures, dissemination to lymph nodes or remote sites.

What is the standard treatment for a lipoma?

Excisional biopsy.

What is neurofibromatosis Type 1 characterized by?

Multiple pedunculating nodules and pigmented skin discoloration (café-au-lait spots).

What is the typical site of a desmoid tumor?

The anterior abdominal wall.

What is the first-line treatment for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans?

Wide local excision.

What is the main characteristic of soft tissue sarcomas?

They arise from mesenchymal tissue and often present with rapid growth and local invasion.

What grading system is used for soft tissue tumors?

G1 (Well differentiated), G2 (Moderately differentiated), G3 (Poorly differentiated), G4 (Undifferentiated).

What factors can worsen the prognosis of soft tissue tumors?

Type, grading, staging, location, local recurrence, and biological expression of the tumor.

What imaging techniques are recommended for soft tissue sarcoma evaluations?

CT, MRI, PET.

What is the commonest sarcoma and its typical age group?

Liposarcoma, common in individuals aged 50-60.

What distinguishes rhabdomyosarcoma from other tumors?

It primarily affects infants and children, with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma being the most common variant.

What is the common treatment method for retroperitoneal tumors?

Surgical excision is the gold standard.