Anatomical terms(A&P1 lab)

Define Body Erect

Standing up/body facing forward

Define Ipsilateral/Ipsi

On the same side

EX: Right arm + right leg

Define Contralateral/Contra

Opposite side

Right arm + left leg

Define Medial

Toward the midline

EX: Nose is medial to my eyes

Define Lateral

Away from the midline

EX: Ears are lateral to my eyes

Define Proximal

Closer to point of attachment

EX: Elbow is proximal to my wrist

Define Distal

Farther from point of attachment

EX: Fingers are distal to elbow

Define Superficial (External)

Toward/at the body surface

EX: Skin is superficial to muscles

Define Deep (internal)

Farther from the surface

EX: Bones are deep to skin

Define Superior (Cranial)

Above/ toward my head

EX: Head is superior to Chest

Define Inferior (Caudal)

Below/ toward the feet

EX: Stomach is inferior to heart

Define Ventral(Anterior)

Toward the front

EX: Chest is anterior to Spine

Define Dorsal (Posterior)

Toward the back

EX: Spine is Posterior to chest

Regional Terms

Cephalic

Cranial = Skull/head

Cervical = Neck

Buccal = Cheek

Frontal = Forehead

Mental = Chin

Nasal = Nose

Occipital = Back of the head

Oral = Mouth

Orbital = Eye

Otic = Ears

Upper Limb

Acromial = Point/top of the shoulder

Antebrachial = Forearm

Antecubital = Elbow pit

Axillary = Armpit

Brachial = Upper arm

Carpal = Wrist

Digital = Fingers/digits

Manual = Hand

Olecranal = Back of elbow

Palmar = palm

Pollex = Thumb

Scapular = Shoulder/blade region

Thoracic

Sternal = breastbone

Mammary = breast

Abdominopelvic

• Abdominal = abdomen

• Coxal = hip

• Gluteal = buttock

• Inguinal = groin

• Lumbar = lower back

• Perineal = area between anus & external genitalia

• Pelvic = pelvis

• Pubic = genital region

• Sacral = area between hips at base of spine

• Umbilical = navel/belly button

• Vertebral = spinal column

Lower Limb

• Calcaneal = heel

• Crural = lower leg

• Digital = toes

• Femoral = thigh

• Hallux = big toe

• Patellar = front of knee

• Pedal = foot

• Plantar = sole of foot

• Popliteal = back of knee

• Sural = calf

• Tarsal = ankle

Body Cavities

• Dorsal/posterior: cranial + vertebral

• Ventral/anterior: thoracic + abdominopelvic

• Thoracic includes pleural (lungs) and pericardial (heart) cavities; mediastinum is the central thoracic compartment.

Body membranes

• Visceral = membrane directly covering an organ

• Parietal = membrane lining the cavity wall

• Pericardium = around the heart

• Pleura = around the lungs

• Peritoneum = abdominopelvic organs

4 abdominopelvic quadrants

• RUQ = Right Upper Quadrant

• LUQ = Left Upper Quadrant

• RLQ = Right Lower Quadrant

• LLQ = Left Lower Quadrant

9 abdominopelvic regions

Right	Middle	Left
Right hypochondriac	Epigastric	Left hypochondriac
Right lumbar	Umbilical	Left lumbar
Right iliac/inguinal	Hypogastric/pubic	Left iliac/inguinal

Planes of Section

Frontal/Coronal → anterior & posterior
Sagittal → left & right
Midsagittal/Median → equal left & right halves
Parasagittal → unequal left & right portions
Transverse → superior & inferior

Organ Systems

Organ System	Primary organs/structures	Main function
Integumentary	Skin, hair, nails, sweat & oil glands	Protection; helps regulate body temperature
Skeletal	Bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints	Support & protection; helps movement, makes blood cells, stores minerals
Muscular	Skeletal muscles, tendons	Movement, posture & heat production
Nervous	Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs	Fast control & communication; responds to stimuli
Endocrine	Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries/testes	Releases hormones that regulate body processes
Cardiovascular	Heart, blood, blood vessels	Transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones & wastes
Lymphatic/Immune	Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus	Immune defense & returns excess tissue fluid to blood
Respiratory	Nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, lungs	Gas exchange — O₂ in and CO₂ out
Digestive	Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas	Digests food & absorbs nutrients
Urinary	Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra	Removes wastes from blood & produces/eliminates urine
Reproductive	♂ Testes, ducts, prostate, penis / ♀ Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands	Produces sex cells & hormones; reproduction