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Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)
Master biological clock regulating circadian rhythms.
Circadian Rhythms
Biological processes cycling approximately every 24 hours.
Zeitgeber
Environmental cue that regulates biological rhythms.
Jet Lag
Fatigue from rapid time zone changes.
Light Pollution
Artificial light disrupting natural circadian rhythms.
Endogenous Rhythm
Biological rhythm not influenced by external cues.
Chronotypes
Individual differences in sleep-wake patterns.
REM Sleep
Sleep stage with vivid dreaming and muscle atonia.
NREM Sleep
Non-dreaming sleep with multiple stages.
Polysomnography (PSG)
Comprehensive sleep study using EEG monitoring.
Beta Rhythm
Brain wave pattern during alert waking state.
Alpha Rhythm
Brain wave pattern during relaxed wakefulness.
Theta Rhythm
Brain wave pattern associated with light sleep.
Delta Rhythm
Brain wave pattern during deep sleep stages.
Sleep Stages
Different phases of sleep characterized by EEG patterns.
Sleep Duration
Average sleep time for adults is 7-8 hours.
Sleepwalking
Walking or performing actions while asleep.
Night Terrors
Intense fear episodes during NREM sleep.
Activation-Synthesis Theory
Dreams result from random brain activity during sleep.
Coping Theory
Dreams help process and cope with threats.
Manifest Content
Surface storyline of a dream.
Latent Content
Underlying meaning of a dream.
Sleep Measurement
Use of technology to track sleep patterns.
Chronogenotype Studies
Research on genetic influences on chronotypes.
Behavioral Analysis
Method for studying circadian rhythms in animals.
Free-Running Rhythms
Natural body rhythms without external cues.
Sleep Stages Classification
Five-point system categorizing sleep based on EEG.
Cognitive and Emotional Rhythms
Influence of time of day on performance.
Atonia
Loss of muscle tone during REM sleep.
Lucid Dreams
Awareness of dreams while dreaming.
Conscious Dreaming
Ability to direct dream content.
Sleep Adaptation
Sleep supports brain health and memory.
Cultural Sleep Behavior
Sleep patterns vary across cultures.
Energy Conservation
Sleep reduces energy expenditure.
Body Temperature Decline
Decreases metabolism during sleep.
Predatory vs Prey Sleep
Predators sleep more than prey.
Basic Rest-Activity Cycle (BRAC)
90-minute cycles of arousal levels.
Sleep Deprivation Effects
Adverse effects on health and cognition.
Microsleep
Brief sleep lasting about one second.
R-Sleep Deprivation
Impairment of functions due to lack of R-sleep.
Memory Storage During Sleep
Sleep solidifies and organizes memories.
Place Cell
Hippocampal neuron active in specific locations.
Sleep Memory Storage Theory
Memories replayed during sleep for storage.
Synaptic Homeostasis Theory
Global brain changes facilitate memory storage.
Melatonin
Hormone promoting sleepiness from pineal gland.
Reticular Activating System (RAS)
Controls wakefulness and sensory processing.
Insomnia
Inability to fall or stay asleep.
Hypersomnia
Excessive sleepiness or inappropriate sleep episodes.
Sleep Apnea
Breathing interruption during sleep.
Parasomnias
Unusual behaviors disrupting sleep.
Sleep Terrors
Intense fear episodes during N-sleep.
Nightmare Disorder
Vivid dreams causing distress upon awakening.
Sleep Paralysis
Inability to move while waking or sleeping.
Cataplexy
Loss of muscle tone triggered by emotions.
Bruxism
Teeth grinding during sleep.
Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)
Uncomfortable leg sensations disrupting sleep.
Ultradian Rhythms
Cycles shorter than 24 hours, like BRAC.
