Medical science exam

Name the cavity the houses the eyes

cranial

name the cavity that houses the urinary organs

pelvic

Cavity that houses gallbladder, liver, and spleen

abdominal

Shoulders are _____ to midline

Lateral

Cavity that houses heart, lungs, and large vessels

thoracic

Posterior

Back side of body

superior

above

Anterior side of body

Front side

proximal

towards attachment

distal

away from attachment

what are two types of antigens on red blood cells that determine blood type

A and B

Heart rate receives deoxygenated blood and it to the lungs

pulmonary circulation

which carries deoxygenated nutrients depleted blood from the fetus to the placenta

umbilical artery

Brings oxygenated blood from the heart to the body

Aorta

Brings deoxygenated blood from the body to heart

Vena Cava

3 layers of heart walls

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

another name for white blood cells

leukocytes

hemoglobin found in

red blood cells

which layers heart lines the cavities and valves of the heart

endocardium

Joseph lister

Discovered the first antiseptic

Ignaz Semmelweis

Handwashing to stop spread of child bed fever

Discovered Penicillin

Alexander Fleming

Airborne Precaution

Pathogen transmitted through airborne droplets : MTV

Droplet Precautions

pathogens transmitted by large particle, droplets expelled during cough, sneezing, talking or laughing: PIMP

Airborne PPE

N95 mask, isolated room and surgical mask

Droplet PPE

surgical mask and goggles

prone position

face down

supine position

face up

Transverse

Divides upper and loved

Sagittarius

Divides right and left

Frontal

divided front and back

Dorsal

Towards the back

Ventral

Towards the belly

unilateral

one side of the body

bilateral

both sides of the body

ippilateral

same side of body

contralateral

opposite side of the body

Upper Right Quadrant

Contains: Right kidney, right adrenal gland, colon, small intestine, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder

Left Upper Quadrant

Contains: left kidney, left adrenal gland, small intestine, colon, stomach, liver, pancreas, and spleen

Right lower Quadrant

contains: right ureter, appendix, colon, small intestine, right ovary, small intestine

left lower quadrant

contain: left ureter, colon, small intestine, left ovary

Epigastric Region

Right Hypochondriac region

left hypochondriac region

umbilical region

right lumbar region

left lumbar region

hypogastric region

right iliac region

left iliac region

Diaphragm

Muscle that separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominal pelvic cavity

Long bone

longer and wife

Short bone

cube like shape

flat bone

thin and broad and often curved

irregular bone

or not uniformed and shit

sesamoid bone

small bone developed and embedded inside tendons

Joints

Which bones or bone and cartilage come together

fibrous joints

bones are joined by fibrous connective tissue

cartilaginous joints

joined by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage

Synovial joints

bones come into contact with a joint cavity filled with lubricating synovial fluid

Synovial Joints

Ball and socket joint, pivot joint, hinge join, saddle joint, plane joint, condyloid

Cranial Bones

cranial bones

facial bones

vertebral column

C1-C7, T1-T12, L1-L5 , sacrum, and coccyx

Ribs

flat curved bones making up wall of the thorax : includes true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs

sternum

known as breast bone is a narrow flat bone at the bodies midline

bones of the hand

pelvic girdle

Femur

Patella

Tibia

Fibula

Bones of the foot

Osteoporosis

loss of bone density and bone commonly associated with age common in women over the sea

osteoarthritis

wear and tear information flowing and redness of the joints, lack of synovial fluid, infection

rheumatoid Arthritis

chronic autoimmune disorder which joint in some organs of the body systems are attacked

spina bifida

A birth defect that occurs when spine and spinal cord don’t form properly

Kyphosis

increase in outward curvature of thoracic spine (hunchback)

scoliosis

abnormal lateral curvature of spine

Osteogenesis imperfects

genetic bone disorder that presents at birth, also known as brutal bone disease, (bones breaking easy)

skeletal muscle

Connect to bone by tendons helps create movements: voluntary

cardiac muscle

Lines the wall of the heart fibers have striated appearance: involuntary

smooth muscle

Bound in hollow walls of organs, move substance through organs: involuntary

lots Of muscle tone

reduction in strength and mass of muscle

muscle strain

Injuries that are caused by overstretching the muscle or tendon

tendonitis

tendon swells becoming inflamed in routine

spasticity

abnormal increase in muscle tone or stiffness

muscular dystrophy

abnormal gene affected healthy muscle structure, and function by interfering with muscle proteins

myasthenia gravis

A rare neuromuscular disorder where the proper nerve pulse are not sent to muscles

CNS

consist of brain and spinal cord

PNS

nerve and ganglia outside of brain and spinal cord