cell growth and division

sexual production

• between two different organisms

• creates offspring that are hybrids of two parents who gave 50% of DNA

• increases genetic diversity

asexual reproduction

• occurs within a single organism

• creates genetically identical offspring (all DNA came from one parent)

• simpler and takes less time

chromosome and chromatid relationship

chromosome is made up of two strands that are identical to eachother (called a chromatide)

made up of two identical sister chromatids

INTERPHASE

G1 (Gap 1): cell growth —> cytoplasm and organelles increase in size

S (synthesis): DNA replication

G2 (Gap 2): cell growth and prep for cell division

CELL DIVISION: Mitosis —> Prophase

Chromosomes become visible and nucleus dissolves

CELL DIVISION: Mitosis —> Metaphase

Chromosomes are lined up in the center of the cell by the spindle fibers.

CELL DIVISION: Mitosis —> Anaphase

Spindle fibers pull chromosomes apart and pull them towards two ends of the cell

CELL DIVISION: Mitosis —> Telophase

Two new nuclei form around the two groups of chromosomes

CYTOKINESIS

The cytoplasm of the original cell splits to form two new identical daughter cells.

how are cancer cells different than other cells

CANCER CELLS

• keep dividing and spreading, ignoring the body’s signals —> creating tumors in the body

• don’t mature because they reproduce very quickly

NORMAL CELLS

• respond to the body’s signals to stop growing and reproducing + regulated by cyclins

• grow at a normal pace and can carry out bodily functions