AP BIO ECOLOGY

AP BIO ecology review for Quiz 1

Logistic growth graph

Biotic potential

maximum rate at which a population size increases without limits

Exponetial Growth

(Population growth models)

Exponential Growth

Growth without constraints

• NO carrying capacity

• NO limit to growth

• J-shaped graph

Biotic potential is realized: maximum rate at which a population size increases without limits

Rate increases logrithmically

Resource exploiitation

• No competition

(Population growth models)

Logistic Growth

Growth is limied by various factors

• Has carrying Capacity- maxium amount of individuals a population can maintain/support by the environment

• Population becomes stable as carrying capacity is reached

WHat type of growth is a k-selected species

Logistic growth (carrying capacity)

What type of growth is a r-selected species

Exponentia growth

(reproductive strategies)

R-selected species

• Short life spans

• SHort generation times

• Many offsprings per reproductive event

• One reproductive event per life cycle

• Little Pariental care

• Lower survival chances

• Type III (insects)

• Short maturation times

• Exponential growth

(Rapid reproduction, short life span, only reproduce once)

Reproduction without constraints results in….

Exponetial growth of population = Biotic potential (maximum growth)

Rapid growth chart

Slow growth chart

How are communities composed?

Communities are composed of population of organism that interact in complex ways

How is the structure of a community messured and described?

In terms of species composition and species diversity

What happes when two organishm occupy thge same niche?

competition occurs

When two populatios attempt to occupy the same niche, what happens to their growth and carry capafity?

They both suffer for the successful one and the elimiated one in the competition

Slow groth and slow carrying capacity

Competitive Exculsion

Ehrn two species attempt to occupy the same niche.

Once species is eliminated due to competition

Niche

The role an organism plays in the habitat in which they live in

• usually baseed on nutrition and food

slow Growth =

Low reproductive potential

Rapid growth =

High reproductive potential

The population can produce a density of individuals that…

exceeds the systems resource avalibity (over the carring capacity)

As limits to growth dute to density - independent factrs and density - dependent factors are imposed…..

Logistic growth model generally ensures

Limits to growth are due to…

Density-depentent factors and density independent factors

(reproductive strategies)

K-selected species

• Long life spans

• Long generation times

• Fewer offsprings per reproductive event

• Multiple reproduction events per life cycle

• Pariental care

• Greater chance of survival

• Type 1 (Humans)

• Long maturation times

(things that take a long time to grow, long life spans, can reproduce multiple times)

Reproductive Strategies

K-selected species

r-selected species

Population growth models

Exponental growth (J shaped)

Logistic Growth (S shaped)

Whay type of Graphy does Logistic growth have?

S-shaped curve

Carrying Capacity

What type of Graph does Exponnetial growth have?

J- shaped curev

NO carrying capacity

=

• Unlimited resources and growth

• No competetion

• Booming population

k=Carrying Capacity

the maximum number individuals of a specific species that an environment can support indefinitely without being damaged. This limit is set by available resources like food, water, and shelter.

Follows seasonal and food availability

(inc) spring (dec) winter

Exponential Growth Graph

Populations

Groups of individuals of the same species that live in the same space, members can interbreed

Greater diverity within a population promotes…

greater survival chances for the population.

3 important aspects of a population

1. The range in which a population occurs- where they live and how much area thet cover

2. The pattern of spacing (density) of indivduals throughout their range

3. The size a population attains (based on density and range)

Factors that affect population growth

• Sex rato

• generation time

• Age structure

(Factors that affect population growth) Sex ratio

The number of births is directrly related to the number of females.

(Factors that affect population growth)

Gerneration time

Interval between the birth of an organism and the birth of its offspring

The shorter the generation time, results in faster growth

(How long it takes for you to have babies)

(Factors that affect population growth)

Age structure

The relative number ofn individulas in each age range

• A larger proportion of young people within a population results in fater growth

• More individuals will be reproducing in time

• A larger porportion of older individuals in a populatoon resukts in slower growth across the population

• Fewer individuals will reproduce

• Most reproduction occurs in the past

Example of Type I Surviviorship curves

Humans

LONG

(Surviviorship curves)

Type I

Long

Organisms with long life spans, long generation times

• Most live to full life expectancy

• Ex. Humans

Example of type II Surviviorship curves

Birds

MODERATE (50/50)

(Surviviorship curves)

Type II

50/50

Organishms with moderate life spans

• Equal chanced of living to full life expectancy

• EX. Birds

Examople of type III Surviviorship curves

insects, mice

SHORT

(Surviviorship curves)

Type III

Organisms with short life spans

• most die befire reaching ¼ of its fukl life span

• short generation times

• EX. Insects, mice

Surviviorship curves

Type I

Type II

Type III

A larger porportion of older individuals in a populatoon resukts in….

slower growth across the population

• Fewer individuals will reproduce

• Most reproduction occurs in the past

A larger proportion of young people within a population results in…

fater growth

More individuals will be reproducing in time

Survivorship curve graph

Carring capacity is determined by…

Limiting factors

Limiting Factors

Density Dependent

Density-Independent

(limiting Factors) Density Dependent

Factors whose effect is realized as population size increases

• Competition

• Disease

• Predation

• Resiurce availability

(limiting factors) Density Independent

Factors whose effect is realized Regardless of population size

• Drought

• Storms

• Seasonal extremes

• Humans