02.3B AN U2P1 (PART B) Cell Membrane Structures, Functions & Modifications

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8 Terms

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Phospholipid

A molecule that makes up the cell membrane that is made up of a phosphate group, a glycerol and two fatty acid chains. The phosphate head is water loving (hydrophilic or polar) and the fatty acid chains are water fearing (hydrophobic or non-polar).

<p>A molecule that makes up the cell membrane that is made up of a phosphate group, a glycerol and two fatty acid chains. The phosphate head is water loving (hydrophilic or polar) and the fatty acid chains are water fearing (hydrophobic or non-polar).</p>
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Cholesterol

A lipid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.

<p>A lipid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.</p>
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Membrane Proteins

Responsible for the transport of molecules across the membrane as well as the joining of cells, cell recognition and cell attachment.

<p>Responsible for the transport of molecules across the membrane as well as the joining of cells, cell recognition and cell attachment.</p>
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Glycoprotein

A protein with one or more carbohydrates attached to it.

<p>A protein with one or more carbohydrates attached to it.</p>
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Microvilli

Fingerlike extensions of plasma membrane of apical epithelial cells, increase surface area, aid in absorbtion, exist on every moist epithelia, but most dense in small intestine and kidney

<p>Fingerlike extensions of plasma membrane of apical epithelial cells, increase surface area, aid in absorbtion, exist on every moist epithelia, but most dense in small intestine and kidney</p>
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Tight Junctions

Type of intercellular junction that form a watertight seal from cell to cell that can block water, ions, and other molecules from moving around and past cells; act as a complete fluid barrier; i.e. present in epithelial tissue cells like bladder, intestines and kidney

<p>Type of intercellular junction that form a watertight seal from cell to cell that can block water, ions, and other molecules from moving around and past cells; act as a complete fluid barrier; i.e. present in epithelial tissue cells like bladder, intestines and kidney</p>
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Desmosomes

Anchoring junctions that prevents cells subjected to mechanical stress from being pulled apart; button like thickenings of adjacent plasma membranes connected by fine protein filaments

<p>Anchoring junctions that prevents cells subjected to mechanical stress from being pulled apart; button like thickenings of adjacent plasma membranes connected by fine protein filaments</p>
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Gap Junctions

A modification to the plasma membrane that facilitates the movement of small molecules and ions between the cells, allowing cells to communicate with one another

<p>A modification to the plasma membrane that facilitates the movement of small molecules and ions between the cells, allowing cells to communicate with one another</p>