Bandwidth
the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second
Computing Device
a machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors
Computing Network
a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data
Computing System
a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose
Path
the series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver
IP Address
the unique number assigned to each device on the internet
Internet Protocol (IP)
a protocol for sending data across the internet that assigns unique numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device
Protocol
an agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system
Fault Tolerant
can continue to function even in the event of individual component failures. This is important because elements of complex systems like a computer network fail at unexpected times, often in groups
Redundancy
the inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail, for example by having more than one path between any two connected devices in a network
Router
a type of computer that forwards data across a network
Packet
a chunk of data sent over a network; larger messages are divided into _______ that may arrive at the destination in order, out-of-order, or not at all
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Goal is to send information quickly without worrying about accuracy ex. video conference
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
slower but more accurate way to send information ex. email or photo
Datastream
information passed through the internet in packets
Packet Metadata
data added to packets to help route them through the network and reassemble the original message
Domain Name System (DNS)
the system responsible for translating domain names like example.com into IP addresses
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the internet
World Wide Web
a system of linked pages, programs, and files
Scalability
the capacity for the system to change in size and scale to meet new demands
Digital Divide
differing access to computing devices and the Internet, based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic characteristics