CC Operative Dentistry

Instruments

refers to a wide variety of implements held in the hand & applied during a treatment procedure.

hand and rotary

2 types of cutting instruments

1. Chisel

2. Hatchet

3. Hoe

4. Excavator

5. GMT

6. spoon excavator

Examples of Hand cutting instruments

GMT

often used in typodont, with the patient in removing unsupported enamel

spoon excavator

also a hand-cutting instrument since it cuts soft tissue - used to remove soft carious

1. Burs #2

2. Stones

3. Disks

examples of rotary cutting sinstruments

stones

used for polishing

disks

used to remove hard carious

hand and mechanical

types of condensing instruments

pluggers

condensing instruments include

woodson

used for packing of bases

hand

condensing instruments: ● held by hand

● better than

mechanical

mechanical

condensing instruments * used in rotary instrument

plastic instruments

gives plasticity effect but the instrument is not plastic

○ Spatulas

○ Carvers

○ Burnisher

plastic insturments include

Because when we use metal, there would be discoloration or staining.

Why do we use plastic instruments in a diagnostic tool to detect caries composite resin?

To avoid discoloration from metal instruments if you are using macro-type or conventional– self-cure type with bigger fillers (5 microns) because the metal instruments tend to abrade the fillers

Why do you use plastic instruments in your composite resin?

plastic instruments

Used for inferior composites

plastic instruments

Used when you are using Macrofillconventional, Large particles

rotary and hand

2 types of finishing and polishing instruments

finishing burs

it has color green, red, yellow. Can bedone to smoothen the surface (we use this to remove unsupported)

mouthed brush

○ use as finishing and polishing in metallic restoration

○ late machine; micromotor

rubber cup

(mounted brush and rubber cap is used for finishing and polishing for metallic restoration, we don’t use this on composite)

impregnated disk and wheels

ginagamit sa prostho yung parang basahan

mylar strips

Not considered as finishing strip - used as substitute for celluloid strips

1 . R ub b er d am f r ame

2 . cl am p

3 . f or ce ps

4 . punch

5 . S al i va E j ect or

6 . E vacuat i n g T i ps & E qui pment - used in surgery

7 . C ot t on R ol l H ol d er

examples of isolation isntruments

mouth mirror
explorer
scissors
pliers

samples of miscellaneous instruments

mouth mirror

FUNCTION: ○ L.I.R.T. (Light Reflection, Indirect Vision, Retraction, Tissue Protection)

explorer

a diagnostic tool to detect caries

scissors

ginagamit pangputol ng celluloid

pliers

for holding cotton

○ For cl eavi n g and pl ani n g of the tooth structure.

○ cleaving is done on the walls

○ planing is done on the pulpal floor

what is the function of chisel hatchet and hoe

shaft
shank
blade or nib

parts of an isntrument

shaft (handle)

● handle, small, medium or large diameter

● Straight w/ various size

● Smooth or Serrated

shank

connects the shaft w the blade or working ned

blade or nib

• point or head

• function end of an insrtument

woodson, mouth mirror (an yt h i n g na h i nd i mat al i m)

Example of nib

hatchet, chisel, hoe (ayun yung mga working end)

Pag sinabing cutting:

cutting / non cutting

blade is for ___ while nib is for ____

width of a blade

formula of an instrument: first unit is the

angle of the blade

formula of an instrument: third unit is the

length

formula of an instrument: second unit is the

blade width angle

formula of an isntrument:additional unit - second unit indicates the

rotary instruments

refers to a tool/ device designed to carry out a specific function

rotary instruments

refers not only to the rpm, but also the surface feet unit time to contact that the tool has w the work to be cut

300 - 3000

ultra low speed rpm

3000 - 6000

low speed rpm

20 000 - 40 000

medium high speed rpm

45 000 - 100 000

high speed rpm

100 000 and above

ultra high speed

effect of force

gripping of handpiece, its positioning & application

P = F / A

formula of are

are

the tooth surface

heat production

directly proportional to pressure, rpm, are of tooth in contact w the tooth

too much heat production and too much gripped on the tooth surface or typodont.

Kapag sa typodont makikita mo color brown, it means

Magkakaron sya ng heat production that lead to sensitivity. Once na bumolta na ang inyong preparation sa dentin definitely with caries or with no caries, pain will elicit

In live patient heat production become a, if too much gripped tapos ang diin-diin. So what will happen? 

vibration

product of equipment used and speed of rotation

• consist primarily of heat production

• vibrational sensation

• length of operating time and no of visits

factors that cause patient apprehension

○ Duration of operation - shorten the operation - (sa pedo patient 30 mins is enough)

○ Intermittent application of tool to a tooth - (Huwag yung tuloy tuloy ang paghahandpiece)

○ Use sharp Instruments - If the hand cutting instruments or burs are dull, the dentist will put too much effort it can lead to fracture

ways to minimize irritation

a. Duration of operation

b. Vibration produced by handpiece

c. Forces that control the rotating instrument (ex: tongue na makulit)

d. Apprehension on the part of the dentist

e. Lack of patient cooperation

causeso f operator fatigue

air

source of power

• straight

• contra angled

  • right angled

variation of handpiece

• friction

• torque

• vibration

criterias in evaluating handpieces

cutting tool

rotary tool used for removal of tooth structure

burs, stones note

types of rotary tool

steel, tungsten carbide, diamond burs

classification of dental burs

1/4-10

round bur

33 1/4-39

inverted bur

500 / 900 series

straight bur

600 / 700 series

tapered bur

head shank attachment

parts of a bur

head

carrying the cutting blade

shank

connecting the had and attachment

attachment

engaged in the handpiece