nur 1030 comp 5

Pathologic Jaundice

Jaundice that appears IN THE FIRST 24 HOURS of life. Usually caused by blood group incompatibility (ABO/Rh) leading to rapid hemolysis.

Physiologic Jaundice

Jaundice that appears AFTER 24 HOURS of life. Normal newborn response due to immature liver function.

Phototherapy Nursing Care

Protect eyes with mask, cover male genitalia, undress infant to maximize skin exposure, and monitor for dehydration/insensible water loss.

Neonatal Sepsis Symptoms

Temperature instability (usually hypothermia), profound lethargy, poor feeding, apnea, and respiratory distress.

Neonatal Sepsis Intervention Priority

Obtain all cultures (blood, urine, CSF) BEFORE starting broad-spectrum antibiotics (Ampicillin/Gentamicin).

Spina Bifida (Myelomeningocele)

A neural tube defect where a sac containing the spinal cord and meninges protrudes from the back.

Spina Bifida Pre-Op Care

Place infant in strict PRONE position. Cover the sac with a sterile, saline-moistened, non-adherent dressing.

Spina Bifida Post-Op Care

Measure head circumference daily to monitor for Hydrocephalus (CSF backup). Observe for signs of Latex Allergy.

Large for Gestational Age (LGA) / Macrosomia

Infant weight >90th percentile. High risk for hypoglycemia, birth trauma (shoulder dystocia/clavicle fracture), and polycythemia (plethora).

Neonatal Hypoglycemia

Blood glucose <40 mg/dL. Symptoms: jitteriness/tremors, lethargy, poor feeding, high-pitched cry.

Small for Gestational Age (SGA) / IUGR

Infant weight <10th percentile. High risk for hypothermia (lack of brown fat) and hypoglycemia. Often linked to maternal preeclampsia or smoking.

Surfactant

A lipoprotein that lowers surface tension in the alveoli, preventing atelectasis (collapse). Deficient in preterm infants, causing Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Scaphoid Abdomen

A sunken, hollow abdomen. A classic red flag for a Diaphragmatic Hernia, where the intestines have moved up into the chest cavity.

Diaphragmatic Hernia Intervention

Immediate intubation. DO NOT bag-mask ventilate, as air will fill the stomach and further compress the lungs.

Hypospadias / Epispadias

Abnormal placement of the urethral opening on the penis. STRICT RULE: Do not circumcise the infant

Bladder Exstrophy

The bladder is exposed on the outside of the abdomen. Cover immediately with sterile plastic wrap to protect the mucosa.

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)

Retinal damage and potential blindness in premature infants caused by prolonged exposure to high oxygen concentrations.

Trophic Feedings

Tiny volumes of breastmilk/formula given via feeding tube to a preterm infant to prime the gut and prevent necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Sham-Feeding

Providing a pacifier to an infant while they are receiving tube feeds to associate the sucking reflex with the feeling of satiety.

Blueberry Muffin Rash

A purpuric rash resulting from extramedullary hematopoiesis, strongly associated with congenital viral infections like Rubella or CMV.

Plethora

A deep, ruddy red skin color indicating polycythemia (excess RBCs). Common in infants of diabetic mothers and post-term infants.

Pierre Robin Syndrome

A congenital condition characterized by a very small jaw (micrognathia) and a tongue that falls back (glossoptosis), causing severe airway obstruction.

VACTERL Association

A cluster of congenital anomalies: Vertebral defects, Anal atresia, Cardiac defects, Tracheo-Esophageal fistula, Renal anomalies, and Limb abnormalities.

Hydrops Fetalis

Massive, life-threatening fluid accumulation (edema) in multiple fetal compartments, often due to severe Rh incompatibility or heart failure.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

A fetal shunt between the pulmonary artery and aorta that fails to close after birth, leading to a loud machine-like murmur and heart failure.