Exam 1 review: Psych families part 2

Flashcards generated based on Exam 1 Review lecture notes covering parental functioning, attachment types and disruptions, working models, and criteria for attachment figures and friendships.

Parental Insightfulness

The ability to consider the motives underlying the child's behavioral and emotional experiences in a child-focused manner.

Parental Reflective Functioning

The capacity of a parent to reflect on their own mental states and those of their child, as well as the continually developing parent-infant relationship.

Mediating and Moderating Factors of Attachment

Factors such as attachment disruptions, as well as attachments to significant others, other caregivers, peers, and romantic partners, which explain why early attachment is only a moderate predictor of later attachment.

Disorganized Attachment Characteristics

A pattern of attachment characterized by lacking an organized method for dealing with stress, an approach followed by withdrawal, confusion, and mistimed movements.

Disorganized Attachment Assessment Timeline

Assessment classification that is made after 20 months.

Disorganized Attachment Outcomes

An attachment classification that is modestly stable over time and carries a higher risk for psychopathology.

Disorganized Attachment Behaviors by Age 3

Behaviors where a child may show controlling behavior towards caregivers, or aggressive and punitive behavior.

Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)

A disorder characterized by high unexplained irritability and low levels of positive affect, emerging due to pathogenic care (neglect).

Pathogenic Care

Severe neglect that leads to the emergence of Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD).

RAD Classification Age Threshold

A classification that is not made until after the baby is 9 months old.

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED)

A disorder where children do not differentiate between strangers and caregivers in their environment.

Social Promiscuity

A term used to describe the lack of differentiation between strangers and caregivers in children with DSED.

Environmental Factors in DSED

Conditions such as an unpredictable environment with caregivers who change frequently or display harsh parenting, which make DSED highly likely.

Role Reversal

A scenario in which the child takes responsibility for the parents and meets the safe haven and secure base needs of the parents.

RAD and DSED Intervention Effectiveness

Intervention studies specifically targeting RAD and DSED are limited, though interventions are effective for children with disorganized attachment.

Working Models (WMs)

Mental representations (scripts) of self and other based on a lifetime of interpersonal experiences.

Working Models Hierarchy (General Level)

Representations of self and other based on attachment experiences at the general level of the hierarchy.

Connectionist Model

An attachment network model that creates a prototype of each individual and a global representation.

Revisionist Model

A model that accepts the value of attachment relationships and works towards reworking perceptions of self and other.

Prototype Perspective

The view that working models constructed early in life remain with us, and even when revisions occur towards an attachment figure, the original prototype remains.

Revisionist Perspective

The view that working models show little stability over time and that attachment relationships can revise attachment representations.

Conditions Enabling Working Model Revision

Multiple corrective experiences (from one person or many) occurring at high frequency, accompanied by emotional and instrumental support over time.

Secure Base Script

A cognitive script built from repeated experiences of being responded to promptly and being soothed and comforted by a parent.

Insecure Anxious Script

A cognitive script built from repeated experiences of inconsistent care from the caregiver, leading the child to always worry that the caregiver may not be available the next time they need them.

Insecure Avoidant Script

A cognitive script built from repeated experiences of not receiving support or comfort from the caregiver, leading the individual to learn to handle stress on their own.

Insecure to Secure Transition via Peers/Partners

Process where an individual with an insecure attachment to a caregiver develops a secure attachment when a friend/partner shows sensitive behavior and working models become unstable at the start.

Peer Attachment in Childhood vs. Late Adolescence

Children cannot function as attachment figures or form attachment relationships with peers; however, peers can potentially act as attachment figures in late adolescence.

Attachment Figure Criteria: Proximity Seeking

A defining criterion for attachment figures involving seeking closeness to the figure.

Attachment Figure Criteria: Distress Upon Inexplicable Separation

A defining criterion for attachment figures marked by distress when separated from the figure without an explicit reason.

Attachment Figure Criteria: Pleasure/Joy Upon Return

A defining criterion for attachment figures marked by feeling pleasure and joy when reuniting with the figure.

Attachment Figure Criteria: Grief at Loss

A defining criterion for attachment figures characterized by experiencing grief upon losing the figure.

Attachment Figure Criteria: Secure Base Behavior

A defining criterion for attachment figures where the individual uses the figure as a secure base from which to explore.

Attachment Figure Criteria: Enduring Commitment

A defining criterion for attachment figures requiring an enduring commitment to being available if needed.

Seven Pillars of Friendship: Language

The 1st pillar of friendship among the seven foundational factors.

Seven Pillars of Friendship: Place of Origin

The 2nd pillar of friendship among the seven foundational factors.

Seven Pillars of Friendship: Educational History

The 3rd pillar of friendship among the seven foundational factors.

Seven Pillars of Friendship: Hobbies

The 4th pillar of friendship among the seven foundational factors.

Seven Pillars of Friendship: Musical Taste

The 5th pillar of friendship among the seven foundational factors.

Seven Pillars of Friendship: Sense of Humor

The 6th pillar of friendship among the seven foundational factors.

Seven Pillars of Friendship: Worldview

The 7th pillar of friendship among the seven foundational factors.

Dunbar’s number levels

5 through 150

Dunbar number 5

Intimate/support clique. Consist of the most important people in our life.

Dunbar level 15.

Best friends/sympathy group.

Dunbar level 50

Good friends.

Dunbar level 150

Friends. Upper limit of the number of friends we interact with.

Outcomes for favored sibling.

High parental affection. High self-esteem. High romantic relationship stress. Insecure dismissing/avoidant to romantic partner.

Outcomes for disfavored sibling.

Hired depressive symptoms. Jealousy. Insecure attachment to caregiver. Low self-esteem. Marital conflict between romantic partners.

Jealousy is more associated with:

Depressive symptoms and sibling conflict comparison more than downward.

In favored and disfavored siblings comparisons are made when

Similarities are identified in areas that matter

Rejection sensitivity

People differ in their perceptions of and reactions to rejection. It’s a tendency to expect perceive and overreact to possible social rejection.

Outcomes of rejection sensitivity

Significant risk factor for anxiety, depression, and poor relationship satisfaction.