Drainage basin + processes

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7 Terms

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Drainage basin

   - An open system draining water from Earth's surface.

   - Unique in shape, size, rock type, relief, and land use.

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List five features of a drainage basin.

Watershed, source, confluence, tributary, mouth.

<p><span>Watershed, source, confluence, tributary, mouth.</span></p>
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What are the four processes of river erosion?

  • Hydraulic action - The force of the water, which removes material from the bed and banks of the river

  • abrasion - When the materials carried by the river scrape away the banks and bed

  • attrition - When the material being carried by the river hits each other, the pieces become rounder and smaller

  • corrosion (solution) - When rocks are dissolved in slightly acidic water

<ul><li><p><span>Hydraulic action - </span>The force of the water, which removes material from the bed and banks of the river</p></li><li><p><span>abrasion - </span>When the materials carried by the river scrape away the banks and bed</p></li><li><p><span>attrition - </span>When the material being carried by the river hits each other, the pieces become rounder and smaller</p></li><li><p><span>corrosion (solution) - </span>When rocks are dissolved in slightly acidic water</p></li></ul>
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Vertical and lateral erosion

  • Vertical erosion: Increases depth (upper course).

  • Lateral erosion: Increases width (middle/lower course).

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What are the four processes of transportation?

- Traction: Rolling large materials.

   - Saltation: Bouncing smaller materials.

   - Suspension: Carrying lighter materials in flow.

   - Solution: Dissolving materials in water.

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What causes deposition in rivers?

    - Reduced discharge (low rainfall or upstream abstraction).

    - Decreased gradient, slower flow, river entering sea/ocean.

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