Biology module 2 flashcards

1st Law of thermodynamics

Energy cannot be fed but can be changed from one form to another

2nd Law of thermodynamics

Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy. Heat

Potential Energy

Stored energy

Kinetic energy

Energy of motion

Diffusion

The movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration

Different ways materials get through the plasma membrane

Simple diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, active transport, osmosis, endocytosis, exocytosis

Hypertonic

Salty or sugary, cell inside with no water will shrink

Hypotonic

Pure water, cell swells up or bursts

Isotonic

Equal parts water inside and outside the cell

Organisms that can photosynthesize

Plants, algae , bacteria

Oxidation

Lose electrons

Reduction

Gain electrons

Dark reaction

electrons and protons that are in hydrogen are used to make sugars

Light reaction

Water is broken apart, hydrogen is divided into protons and electrons to be used in dark reaction

What pigments are used in photosynthesis

Chlorophyll a -main absorbs r & b light

Chlorophyll b - helper absorbs extra

Carotenoids - backup, absorbs leftovers

What happens in chemosomosis

Electrons give their energy to protons to one side of the membrane in order to make ATP

How many ATP are produced

36-38

How does cellular respiration work

Cells turn glucose and oxygen into energy, produces ATP and waste products are carbon dioxide and water, most energy comes from the electron transport chain in the mitochondria

Where it happens

Cytoplasm- glycolysis

Matrix- Krebs cycle

Inner membrane- ETC

What happens in the mitochondria

Matrix makes Krebs cycle

Membrane moves ETC

Space stores H ions

Outer stops (barrier)

What happens to oxygen in aerobic cellular respiration

It turns into water

Two different domains in photosynthesis

Bacteria and eukarya

What do pigments do

Pigments catch sunlight so the plant can make food

What energy molecule is created in the mitochondria

ATP

Explain simple diffusion

Molecules move from a crowded area to a less crowded area

What happens to the carbon found in glucose

It is turned into carbon dioxide and released

What happens to most cells when put into hypertonic solution

Water leaves and the cells shrink

What is entropy

Disorder or randomness

Where does the carbon come from in the dark reaction

It comes from carbon dioxide in the air

What kind of energy can be found in an apple

Chemical energy

Different ways ATP is used in a plant cell

ATP is used in photosynthesis, ATP is created in the mitochondria and the cytoplasm of the plant. And if there is any chemical reaction in a plant, it needs ATP for it to occur

How light and dark reactions prepare

Light reaction harnesses the energy from the sun while the dark reaction creates sugars then cellular respiration is using those carbohydrates to make

ATP

Different strategies that plants use (C3, C4, etc)

C3 - typical photosynthesis

C4- cells change themselves to protect from the hot

CAM- close their Samata during the day so they don’t lose any water