BIO306 Exam 1 with flashcards

Irrigation

________ lead to the ability to create extensive and planned gardens.

Evaporation loss

________ is high, equipment is expensive, and salt can build up in soils.

Romans

________ made no major horticultural advancements, but they did use and improve on the technology of conquered peoples.

Horticultural engineering

________ can automate processes and implement remote sensing.

Photosynthesis

________ requires carbon dioxide, water, and light, and yields glucose and oxygen as a waste product.

Horticultural crops

________ are often pruned for enhanced light interception, particularly for more light to hit the middle of the tree.

Halophytes

________ .. plants that thrive in high salt soils.

Horticulture

________ is the manipulation of plants and their environment.

minimum number of hours

There is a(n) ________ that a temperature must be below a certain threshold for buds to break dormancy.

anthocyanin production

Light can stimulate ________, making fall leaves more colorful and fruits more red.

variety of supplemental lighting

A(n) ________ can be used to improve plant growth.

Woven materials

________ protect more than paper or plastic.

DIFF

The difference between night and day is ________, calculated by subtracting the night temperature from the day temperature.

Theophrastus

________ was the first person to classify plants.

Thermoperiodicity

________ .. When plants grow better with alternating day and night temperatures.

physiology

It also plays a major role in plant ________, impacting growth, development, flowering, dormancy, yield, and color.

Helicopters

________ .. can be used to protect crops from cooling by mixing the air.

Agriculture

________ lead to an available and dependable food supply, which in turn lead humans to be able to become scientists, artists, and engineers.

Rapid changes

________ in temperature can cause injury to plants, sometimes even including cold water falling on leaves.

Sunscald

________ .. damage of thin barked trees which occurs when temperatures are below freezing, sun hits the bark and raises the temperature, thawing the tissues, and freezing conditions return as soon as the sun is no longer on the tissues.

Stomatal opening

________ is regulate by guard cells and facilitates carbon dioxide entering the leaves as well as water exiting.

Etiolation

________ does not occur in monocots, rather leaves just get bigger.

Temperature

________ is the most important factor in plant distribution.

caloric intake

All ________ comes from plants, sustaining all life on Earth.

Water

________ is a universal solvent, helping transport nutrients, fertilizers, sugars, and hormones.

Thigmotropism

________ .. movement in response to touch.

Hatch Act

The ________ of 1887 led to experiment stations in every state.

last longer

LED lights are expensive, but ________, use less energy are harder to break, and can be put closer to plants than other light options.

bare root

Plants may be sold "balled and burlapped "with a ball of soil dug up and wrapped or ________, which risks transplant shock.

dark period

Light can be defined by its itensity (quantity), color (quality), and the length of the ________ (photoperiod)

Dormancy

________ is bad because weeds can lay dormant in fields for years.

Peru

In the Americas, Pre- Incans in ________ cultivated corn, potatoes, cacao, tomatoes, peppers, and beans about 5, 000 years ago.

1940s

The Green Revolution occurred from the ________ to the 1970s when populaitons were rising and crop yeilds were stagnating.

photoperiodism

Understanding ________ allows plants to be produced in any hemisphere at any time.

Post harvest refrigeration

________ and controlled atmosphere extends the viability of food.

Flowers

________ are detached and used in arrangements.

Hand watering

________ is simple and low cost, but has variable success and requires a lot of labor.

color

Pruning properly allows for more photosynthesis, more sugars, higher yields, and more fruit ________.

Senescence

________ .. a failure of plant reactions preceding cell death.

Cold frames

________ have no heat.

erosion

They prevent ________, provide pharmaceuticals, and give beauty to spaces.

Fruit orchards

________ are usually planted on slopes to avoid cool air.

Chinese

The ________ developed cultural practices for tea, oranges, and Ephedra.

Post harvest preservation

________ is a major aspect of pomology.

Nursery crops

________ mostly involve the sale of woody ornamental plants in one of the fastest growing segments of agriculture.

Ornamental hedges

________ are pruned for aesthetic, but also light capture.

Green Revolution

The ________ arose out of necessity and resulted in the modernization of agriculture, leading to enhanced crop yields, increased food security, and reduced hunger.

Mesophytes

________ .. plants that prefer intermediate soil moisture, a group including most plants.

Phytochrome resonses

________ are essentially etiolation, but due to lower quality light rather than lower quality.