AP EURO 9

An expanding, literate public and the growing influence of secular printed materials created a new and increasingly influential social force called ________.

public opinion

Who wrote The Persian Letters?

Charles de Montesquieu

________ maintained that women were not naturally inferior to men and that women should have a wider role in society.

Charles de Montesquieu

Which of the following styles of art utilizes lavish, often lighthearted decoration with an emphasis on pastel colors and the play of light?

Rococo

Which of the following styles of art embodies a return to figurative and architectural modes drawn from the Renaissance and the ancient world?

Neoclassicism

________, who embodied enlightened absolutism more than any other monarch, forged a state that commanded the loyalty of the military, the Junker nobility, the Lutheran clergy, and a growing bureaucracy.

Frederick the Great

As part of her territorial aspirations, Catherine the Great painlessly annexed the newly independent state of ________ in 1783.

Crimea

Who believed that the intent of punishment should be to deter further crime, not to impose the will of God?

Marquis Cesare Beccaria

From where did the first imports of coffee come to supply the European coffeehouses?

from the Ottoman Empire

Denis Diderot and Jean Le Rond d'Alembert are best known for their great work: ________.

the Encyclopedia

Baruch Spinoza inspired which of these works?

Nathan the Wise

Which philosophe is credited with a profound effect on the constitutional form of liberal democracies for more than two centuries?

Charles de Montesquieu

Smith's theory about how human society moves from barbarism to civilization is called ________.

the four-stage theory

Most European thinkers associated with the Enlightenment ________.

favored the extension of European empires across the world

Of all the rising states of the eighteenth century, ________ was the most diverse in its people and problems.

Austria

Catherine the Great of Russia ________.

built a strong alliance with the nobility

Deism reflected Enlightenment intellectual currents in ___________.

its rational approach

How did print culture contribute to the Enlightenment and the call for reform throughout Europe?

Increasing literacy and the volume of books printed encouraged the discussion of ideas about reform.

Philosophes were most direct in their attacks on Christian __________.

institutions