CLASS IV CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

What is the mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers like diltiazem?

They block calcium influx into the SA and AV node cells, slowing down the heart rate and controlling supraventricular tachycardias.

What is the prototype of Class IV Calcium Channel Blockers?

Diltiazem

What are the primary indications for using diltiazem?

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), atrial fibrillation, and atrial flutter.

What should be monitored before and during therapy with diltiazem?

Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and ECG should be monitored closely.

What are common adverse effects of diltiazem?

Bradycardia, hypotension, peripheral edema, dizziness, and headache.

Which drug interactions should be avoided with diltiazem?

Avoid combining with IV beta-blockers and be cautious with digoxin due to increased risk of bradycardia and heart block.

IV diltiazem or Verapamil + IV propanolol = ??

Do not combine; increased risk of severe bradycardia and hypotension

What food interaction poses a risk when taking diltiazem?

Grapefruit juice can decrease metabolism, increasing toxicity risk.

When should diltiazem not be administered?

Do not give diltiazem if heart rate is less than 60 or systolic BP is less than 90 mmHg.

What patient teaching is important regarding the abrupt discontinuation of diltiazem?

to avoid rebound effects.

What is a common side effect associated with calcium channel blockers like diltiazem?

Peripheral edema is one of the most common side effects, occurring in up to 15% of patients.

What are contraindications for taking diltiazem?

Allergy to diltiazem, sick sinus syndrome, AV block, severe hypotension,

How can diltiazem be used in managing atrial fibrillation?

can be used for long-term rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation.

For what conditions can verapamil be used as an alternative to diltiazem?

Verapamil can be used for SVT, atrial fibrillation, angina, and hypertension.

What should patients with atrial fibrillation be aware of regarding diltiazem therapy?

Patients may require lifelong therapy and should be cautious about taking multiple medications.

Which age group should avoid Verapamil?

children