CHAPTER 17 Vaccination

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7 Terms

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Vaccine

  • harmless version of a specific epitope

  • goal is to provide individual with memory cells against that epitope

  • most vaccines receive an initial dose with at least one booster

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Titer

method to measure antibodies levels in blood serum

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Attenuated vaccines

  • modified live vaccines

  • use pathogens with reduced virulence

  • microbes may retain enough residual virulence in susceptible individuals

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Inactivated (killed) vaccines

  • Safer than live vaccines

  • often require multiple doses

  • contain adjuvants (chemicals to increase effectivity)

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Subunit vaccines

  • only a portion of microbe used in vaccine

  • results in strong immunity but may require multiple doses

  • safe for people with weakened immune systems

  • EX: influenza

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Toxoid vaccines

  • chemically of thermally modified toxins used to stimulate active immunity

  • useful for some bacterial diseases

  • require multiple doses

  • EX: tetanus

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mRNA

  • relatively new technology

  • only pieces of RNA are introduced causing host to produce microbial proteins

  • required ultracold storage

  • TBD side effects

  • EX: covid