CD 275 Final

Tendons connect ________ to ______.

muscle to bone

Ligaments connect ______ to ______.

bone to bone

Bone, cartilage, and blood are all forms of _______ tissue.

connective

Tissue that forms the brain and spinal cord is called _______ tissue.

nervous

What type of tissue makes up the superficial layer of mucous membrane and the cells constituting the skin?

Epithelial

A class of joints of the skeletal system that creates mobility is called ________.

diarthrotic/synovial

A thin sheet of tissue or layer of cells acting as a boundry, lining, or partition is called _________.

membrane

What cavity of the body houses the heart?

Thoracic

A foramen is a _______.

hole

The extension of a bone or structure is called a _______.

process

A faucet or fossa is a ___________.

depression

A ___________ plane passes through the breast, hip, and knee on only one side of the body.

parasagittal

Lungs are _______ to the diaphragm.

superior

What term refers ti the movement of a structure away from midline?

abduct

What type of muscle is involuntary and can be found in gastrointestinal tract, bladder, uterus, and blood vessels?

smooth

A coronal cut will result in ___________ and __________ portions.

anterior and posterior

Cells form tissues. Tissues form organs. Groups of organs form ___________.

systems

Your ankles are ________ to your knees.

distal

To close or move toward midline is to______.

adduct

A flat, sheet-like tendon is called a(n) _________.

aponeurosis.

______________ muscle tissue is under voluntary control.

Skeletal/striated

___________ is a type of cartilage that is smooth and provides a smooth mating surface for the articulating surfaces of bones.

Hyaline

The assumed portion of reference when using directional tems to describe psition or direction of body structures is called the ____________ position.

anatomical

______________ tissue is a type of tissue that functions to support and connect other tissues.

Connective

The _________ is the attachment site of a muscle that doesn't move during contraction.

origin

The _________ is the attachment site that does move when the muscle contracts.

insertion

A transaxial or horizontal section will provide you with a __________ or ___________ view of. structure.

superior or inferior

The space between the surface of the lungs and the inner thoracic wall is called the _____________.

pleural space

During external respiration the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place between the ________ and the ________.

lungs and the blood

Spinal nerves enter and exit out of the spinal column via the _________________ of the vertebral collumn,

intervertebral foramen

Boyle's law states that given a gas of constant temperature and you decrease the olume of a sapce then the pressure will ________ and vice versa.

increase

The ribs attach to the __________ vertebrae.

thoracic

The nose, mouth, pharynx, and larynx make up the _______ respiratory tract.

upper

During expiration, ____________ counteracts the recoil forces (i.e., lungs returning to resting volume) and promotes the steady release of air necessary for speaking.

inspiratory checking

The primary muscle(s) of inspiration is the __________.

diaphragm

During inspiration, the primary muscle of inspiration __________.

flattens

The volume of air that can be inhaled following the tidal inspiration is called ____________.

inspiratory reserve volume

Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, sternocleidomastoid, and scalene uscles are muscles that may aid in ____________.

inspiration

The ribcage is made up of _______ pairs of ribs.

12 (7 true, 3 false, 2 floating)

Abdominal muscles of expiration function by compressing the __________.

viscera

The amount of air left in the lungs following a maximum inhalation is the _______________.

residual volume

The amount of usable air in the lungs is called ___________.

vital capacity

Inspiration is always a(n) __________ process.

active

The control center for respiration is in the ____________.

brainstem

Contraction of the muscles of expiration _________ the volume of the thorax.

decreases

Muscular activity is required to ________________.

expel air beyond tidal expiration

The ___________ is comprised of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

pelvic girdle

For air to flow out of the lungs, the pressure in the lungs must be _________ than the atmospheric pressure,

greater

The chest bone is called the ____________.

sternum

The spinal cord ascends and descends through the ____________.

vertebral foramen.

The spinous processes of the vertebral column project __________.

posteriorly

The vertebral column has five divisions:

cervical, thoracic lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal

The larynx sits ________ to the esophagus.

anteriorly

The __________ closes off the opening (entrance of the larynx).

epiglottis

False vocal folds are also known as the _________ folds.

ventricular

The most inferior cartilage of the larynx is the __________.

cricoid

The primary abductor of the vocal folds is the _________________ muscles.

posterior cricoarytenoid

Intrinsic laryngeal muscle for medial compression

lateral cricoarytenoid

Intrinsic laryngeal muscle that opens vocal folds

posterior cricoarytenoid

Intrinsic laryngeal muscle that moves arytenoids medially

interarytenoid

Intrinsic laryngeal muscle that is the bulk of vocal folds and tenses and relaxes the folds

thyroarytenoid

The vocal folds are attached anteriorly to the _________.

thyroid

The vocal folds are attached posteriorly to the _________.

arytenoid

Fibers of this suprahyoid muscle form the floor of the oral cavity.

mylohyoid

The infrahyoid muscles (thyrohyoid muscles, the sternohyoid muscles, sternothyroid, and omohyoid muscles) all help ______ the hyoid bone.

depress

The ________ muscles are intrinisic laryngeal muscles that when contracted result in the stretching or lengthening of the true vocal folds.

cricothyroid

The amplitude or loudness of a sound is known as _________.

intensity

Thickened superior borders of the quadrangular mebrane are called the __________ and form the superior boundary of the laryngeal vestibule.

aryepiglottic folds

The only functional mobile points of the larynx are the cricothyroid joints and the _____________ joints.

cricoarytenoid

The laryngeal vestibule opens to the ____________ above.

hypopharynx

When subglottilc pressure overcomes the resistance of adducted vocal folds, the folds _________.

open

When the vocal folds oscilate, the superficial tissue of the vocal folds is displaced in a wave-like fashion. This creates what is called the __________.

mucosal wave

The ________ cartilages are pyramid shaped and sit on top of cricoid cartilage.

arytenoid

Cranial nerve ______ supplies most of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles.

X (vagus)

The frequency of vocal fold vibration influences/determines a person's ________.

pitch

The ___________, stylohyoid, geniohyoid, and mylohyoid are he 4 suprahyoid muscles.

digastric

All the suprahyoid muscles may help with mandibular depression except for the ______________ and part of the _______________.

stylohyoid and part of the digastric

Number the following structures in order from superior to inferior: trachea, thyroid, cricoid, hyoid

hyoid, thyroid, cricoid, trachea

The degree of medial compression, the degree of glottal convegence, and vocal fold viscosity may influence _____________.

loudness/vocal quality

The cricoid cartilage is attached to the trachea via the ____________ membranes.

cricotracheal

The larynx acts as a valving system. It can close off at the laryngeal inlet, false vocal folds, and the ____________.

true vocal folds

The _________ portion of the temporal bones is found at the floor of the cranium between the occipital and the sphenoid bones and contains the canals of the inner ear.

petrous

The vomer, zygomatic, lacrimal, nasal, and mandible bones help make up the ________ skeleton.

facial

The framework of the nose is formed by the ethmoid, vomer, palatine, pterygoid processes and the __________ bones.

nasal, maxillary

Two transverse muscles of facial expression are __________ which is a deep muscle and the ____________ which some people don't have.

buccinator, risorious

Velopharyngeal closures is achieved mainly by contraction of the _______________ and the superior pharyngeal constrictor.

levator veli palatine

To frown, one would contract the _____________ muscles.

depressor anguli oris

The _______ processes of the maxillae and the horizontal plates of the _________ bone form the hard palate.

palatal, palatine

The stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeaus, and palatopharyngeal muscles all work together to ___________ the pharynx.

elevate, raise, shorten

The ________ is the prime mover of the tongue and makes up most of its deeper bulk.

genioglossus

The eustachian (EU) tubes open into the _________.

nasopharynx

The circular pharyngeal muscles are called _____________.

constrictors

The palatine tonsils are located between the _________________________.

anterior and posterior faucial arches.

The __________________ is a large, thin neck muscle that aids with mandibular depression.

platysma

The extrinsic lingual muscles ___________ the tongue.

position

The intrinsic lingual muscles ___________ the tongue.

shape

The _________ is a narrow, collapsed tube at rest that allows for passage of food to the stomach.

esophagus

The large impaired bone of the facial skeleton that makes up the lower jaw is called the ___________.

mandible

The ________ division of the pharynx sits posteriorly to the laryngeal inlet and is continuous with the esophagus inferiorly.

hypopharynx

The ___________ is a fibromuscular tube that extends from the base of the skull to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage.

pharynx