Eukaryotic cell structure

Cytoplasm

Solution within the cell
Contains enzymes for glycolisis (respiration)
Contains mitochondria for respiration, ribosomes for protein synthesis

Also contains sugars, salts, nucleotides and amino acids

Nucleus

Largest organelle

Interior called nucleolus which produces ribosomes

Surrounded by nuclear envelope

Contains linear DNA

Nuclear pore contains proteins to allow substances to exist

Nucleolus is involved in protein synthesis

Contains nucleoplasm

Mitochondria

Site of aerobic respiration and ATP production

Releases energy in the form of ATP

Surrounded by a double membrane

First membrane is permeable

Inner folds of second membrane are cristae

Inside the mitochondria are ribosomes

Internal compartment is the matrix

Ribosomes

Tiniest cell organelle

Site for protein synthesis

Move proteins for cells use

Proteins made on endoplasmic reticulum

Endoplasmic reticulum

Membrane channels

Rough and smooth type

Smooth one makes lipids and proteins for cells use and are also quite large

Rough type modifies polypeptides and carbohydrates and leaves cells through the golgi body

Golgi body

Flattened membrane tubes formed by endoplasmic reticulum

Job is to transport proteins made out of the cell

Vesicles bud off and move to the membrane and exocytosis happens where proteins are released

Lyosomes 

Small membrane bound vesicles formed from the RER 

Contain digestive enzymes 

Used to break down unwanted chemicals toxins organelles or even whole cells so they can be recycled 

Can also fuse with a feeding vacuole to digest its contents 

Cytoskeleton 

Network of protein fibres used for support transport and motility 

Attached to cell membrane and gives it its shape 

Holds organelles in place 

Responsible for all cell movements such as cell division, cillia and flagella and muscle contraction in animals 

Undulipodium (cilia or flagella)

Long flexible tail used for motility

Extension of cell membrane and is full of microtubules and motor proteins

Cilia are short and numerous such as trachea

Flagella are longer than the cell and there are usually only one or two of them such as sperm

Microvilli

Small finger like extensions of the cell membrane

Found in certain cells such as the epithelial cells of the intestine and kidney

They increase the surface area for absorption of materials

Cell membrane

Thin flexible layer round the outside of all cells made from phospholipids and proteins

Separates the contents of the cell from the outside environment

Controls entry and exit of materials