Human Movement Science Analysis Exam 1

How can movement be classified?

Based on precision, organization, cognitive elements, environmental predictability, and functional categories.

How does movement depend on multiple systems?

No single structure controls movement; sensory information informs action and multiple neural structures contribute.

What are contributing factors to movement dysfunction?

Nervous system issues, musculoskeletal adaptations, and other body system contributions.

What are environmental constraints on motor control?

Regulatory features and non-regulatory features.

What are individual constraints on motor control?

Cognition, perception, and action.

What are potential goals of movement analysis?

Identify and treat movement impairments and enhance performance of desired tasks.

What are task constraints on motor control?

Discrete vs continuous, closed vs open, stability vs mobility, manipulation vs non-manipulation, and single vs dual task.

What are the body system requirements for optimal movement?

The nervous system, musculoskeletal system, and other body systems must function effectively.

What are the characteristics of skilled movement?

Optimal execution, accuracy, organized sequence, purposeful movement, and adaptability.

What are the components of the movement examination process?

Hypothesis driven, iterative process of observation, hypothesis generation, testing, and evaluation.

What are the critical elements of a movement-based examination?

Observation of movement, testing muscle strengths and lengths, joint ranges of motion, and palpation.

What are the key concepts of Dynamic Systems Theory?

Degrees of freedom, non-linear progress, and variability.

What are the primary components of the movement system?

Primary effector systems and primary support systems.

What are the primary functions of the basal ganglia?

Movement initiation, scaling, and selection.

What are the three primary sensory systems integral for movement?

Vision, somatosensation, and vestibular system.

What are the three stages of information processing in Hedman's Temporal Sequence?

Input, processing, and output.

What are the three types of organization in movement?

Discrete, serial, and continuous movements.

What are the two types of precision in movement?

Fine motor skills and gross motor skills.

What assumptions are made about movement problems?

They result from impairments in one or more systems involved in movement.

What challenges does a 68-year-old woman face in a grocery store after knee replacement?

She feels slow, unsteady, and fatigued quickly.

What does 'initial conditions' refer to in movement analysis?

Environmental context, base of support, and posture/alignment at the start of a task.

What does 'temporal sequence' in movement analysis include?

Initiation, execution, and termination of the movement.

What does somatosensation provide information about?

Touch, pressure, joint position, and relative movement of body segments.

What does the term 'synergy' refer to in motor control?

The controlled interaction of multiple systems to produce movement.

What does the vestibular system inform us about?

Head position, head movement, and orientation to gravity.

What factors contribute to an 82-year-old man's confidence when climbing stairs at night?

Changes in individual, task, and environmental constraints.

What factors contribute to the emergence of movement?

The individual, the task, and the environment.

What factors influence movement according to Dynamic Systems Theory?

Individual, task, and environment.

What influences skilled movement execution?

The task and environment.

What information does the vision system provide for movement?

Information about the environment, obstacles, body orientation, and movement direction/effectiveness.

What is an example of a critical feature for drinking from a cup?

Elbow flexion.

What is an example of a primary issue that may be analyzed?

Right knee pain with squatting.

What is Motor Control?

The ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement.

What is the common motor pathway required for movement?

Activation of motor neurons and muscle contraction.

What is the definition of skilled movement?

An individual's ability to consistently achieve goals under various conditions.

What is the difference between open and closed environments in movement?

Open environments are unpredictable, while closed environments are stable and predictable.

What is the goal of a movement-based examination?

To identify and treat movement impairments and enhance performance of desired tasks.

What is the primary function of the cerebellum in movement?

Coordination, timing, and error correction.

What is the role of cognitive elements in movement?

They refer to the attentional and cognitive demands required for the movement.

What is the role of the motor cortex in movement?

It sends movement commands and controls voluntary and involuntary movement.

What is the significance of 'critical features' in movement tasks?

They are essential actions required to accomplish the task.

What is the significance of 'preparation' in skilled movement?

It is the period when movement is organized in the CNS before execution.

What might affect a collegiate soccer player's stability during practice after ankle sprain?

Differences in individual, task, and environmental constraints between rehab and practice.

What model is proposed by Hedman et al. for stages of movement?

A model that includes initial conditions, preparation, temporal sequence, and critical features.

What must the nervous system do to support movement?

Detect, interpret, plan, produce, evaluate, and adapt movement.

What should be considered in movement exam procedural guidelines?

Structured environment, early analysis, standardized instructions, and hypothesizing factors.

Why analyze movement in physical therapy?

To identify movement impairments and enhance performance in tasks.

What are potential contributing factors to movement dysfunction?

Nervous system issues, musculoskeletal adaptations, and other body system contributions.

What are procedural guidelines for conducting a movement exam?

Test in a controlled environment, standardize instructions, and hypothesize contributing factors.

What are some examples of critical features for common tasks?

Elbow flexion for drinking from a cup, hip flexion for putting on a sock.

What are the body system requirements for optimal movement?

The integration of the nervous system, musculoskeletal system, and other body systems.

What are the critical elements of a movement-based examination?

Observation of movement, testing muscle strengths and lengths, joint ranges of motion, and palpation.

What are the stages of movement according to Hedman et al.?

Initial conditions, preparation, temporal sequence, execution, and termination.

What does 'hypothesis driven' mean in the examination process?

The examination is based on generating and testing hypotheses about movement dysfunction.

What does 'temporal sequence' refer to in movement analysis?

The order of actions including initiation, execution, and termination of movement.

What does 'termination' refer to in the movement process?

The action that completes the task and the resulting body posture or alignment.

What does the ICF model represent in relation to movement?

It provides a framework for understanding how movement fits into health and disability.

What is a common example of a task analyzed in movement studies?

Reaching for a cup or performing a forward bend.

What is an example of a primary issue that may be analyzed?

Right knee pain during squatting.

What is involved in the 'preparation' stage of movement?

The organization of movement in the CNS before the action begins.

What is meant by 'initial conditions' in movement analysis?

The environmental context, base of support, and posture/alignment at the start of a task.

What is meant by 'iterative' in the movement examination process?

The cycle of observation, hypothesis generation, testing, and evaluation repeats.

What is the first step in the movement analysis process?

Observation of movement during clinical tests and functional tasks.

What is the goal of a movement-based examination?

To identify and treat movement impairments and enhance performance of desired tasks.

What is the importance of environmental context in movement analysis?

It influences how movements are performed and can affect outcomes.

What is the role of observation in the movement examination?

To gather data on how a patient performs movements and identify impairments.

What is the significance of 'critical features' in movement tasks?

They are essential actions required to accomplish a task successfully.

What is the significance of maximum weight lifted in movement analysis?

It relates to performance objectives during tasks like weightlifting.

What should be considered regarding individual features in movement?

Factors like too much motion or structural limitations affecting movement.