Essential English Terms & Definitions for Boards Exam

Which of the following is not an essential amino acid?

Tyrosine

Which of the following is not aromatic?

Threonine

Which of the following is not a branched chain?

Lysine

Which of the following has a negative charge at a neutral pH?

Aspartame

Which amino acid is required to make niacin?

Tryptophan

Phenylalanine can convert into which of the following?

Tyrosine

Which vitamin is essential to form Rhodopsin?

Vitamin A

Cysteine is produced from which of the following?

Glutathione

What is the correct fat to carbohydrate grams?

9:4

**9=fat

**4=carbohydrates

Which of the following is moving within the cell for beta oxidation of fats?

Carnitine

Which of the following is missing to cause phenylketonuria?

Tyrosine

Which of the following acts as a rate limiting enzyme?

Allosteric reaction

Which of the following is the active form of B9?

Tetrahydrofolate

Which of the following vitamins is obtained from Ultraviolet rays?

Vitamin D

Which vitamin is deficient if the patient has bleeding gums, increased infections and collagen problems?

Vitamin C

Which of the following are needed for calcium and phosphate regulation?

Vitamin D

What vitamin deficiency will affect the optic disc?

Vitamin A

Chromium assists with which of the following?

Glucose degradation

Which vitamin is necessary to support clotting factors?

Vitamin K

Which of the following vitamins is the precursor for CoQ?

Vitamin K

Which of the following is located in a plant but cannot be broken down in the body?

Cellobiose

Which of the following is required in the electron transport cycle?

Vitamin K

Which of the following decreases serum calcium?

Calcitonin

**If you want to increase calcium in blood=PTH

**if you want to decrease calcium in blood= Calcitonin

Sucrose is broken down into _____?

Fructose and glucose

Which of the following has a glycerol backbone?

Triacylglycerols

Squalene is needed to directly form which of the following?

Cholesterol

Phospholipid have their greatest action on which part of the cell?

Cell membrane

Which of the following is a rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis?

Phosphofructokinase

Which of the following transports cholesterol from the liver to the tissue?

LDL

Which of the following is involved in the combination of a pentose sugar with a nitrogenous base?

Cytosine

Which of the following is the start codon?

AUG

What is required for the TCA cycle to begin?

Acetyl CoA

If you have an aerobic pathway that deals with glycolysis what would you also have?

Pyruvate

**Anerobic=lactic acid

A nucleosome is made up of which of the following?

Chromosomes in the Nucleus

Which vitamin is required for acetyl CoA?

B5

All of the following are coenzymes except?

B12

Which of the following is required for lipogenesis?

Biotin

Where is the electronic chain located?

Inner mitochondrial membrane

How many NADH are there in the Tricarboxylic acid cycle?

10

Which of the following is not in the urea cycle (think ARCO)?

Carnitine

Most amino acids are which of the following?

Non-Polar

What effect does insulin have on blood glucose levels?

Decrease glucose

Which of the following is not a factor in the velocity of an enzyme?

Increased KM

Synthesis of ATP will lead to which of the following?

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Which of the following is responsible for making ribose?

Glucose

Acetyl CoA is transported by _____?

Citrate

Which of the following is highly metabolic in glycolysis?

ATP

Which of the following is responsible for creating the most CO2?

Krebs cycle

Ornithine is located in which of the following?

Urea Cycle (ARCO)

Which vitamin deficiency is responsible for Beri Beri?

Vitamin B1

Which vitamin is needed to produce CoQ

10?

-Pantothenic Acid

What is the major purpose of vitamin D?

Metabolize calcium and phosphate

Which of the following is an antioxidant?

Selenium

The breakdown of lactose results in?

Galactose and glucose

Maltose is broken down to which of the following?

Glucose and glucose

Which of the following is necessary to lubricate the joints in the body?

Glycoaminoglycans

Triacylglycerol's is held together by which of the following bonds?

Ester

Which of the following is an essential fatty acid?

Linoleic

Glucose to glucose 6 phosphate requires _____?

Hexokinase

Which system involves pentose 5 phosphate?

Pentose pathway

Which of the following is the most direct precursor to cholesterol?

Squalene

Dietary fats are absorbed as ____?

Chylomicrons

Where are proteins made?

Ribosome

What is the pair in DNA?

Adenine and Thymine

**Also Cytosine and guanine- "at the golf course"

Anaerobic glycolysis leads to___ ?

Lactic acid

Which of the following goes through anaerobic catabolism?

Lactate

Which of the following inhibits ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?

NADH

Gluconeogenesis is stimulated by which of the following?

Glucagon

Which of the following promotes skeletal muscle build up and lipolysis?

Growth Hormone

Which two are transferred?

Aspartate to oxaloacetate

Which of the following is not an intermediate in the urea cycle (ARCO)?

Lysine

Which of the following is not an essential amino acid?

Tyrosine

Which of the following is not aromatic?

Threonine

Which of the following is not a branched chain?

Lysine

What is produced by myosin cross bridges?

ADP

Which amino acid is required to make niacin?

Tryptophan

Phenylalanine can convert to which of the following?

Tyrosine

Which of the following is moving within the cell for beta oxidation of fats?

Carnitine

Which of the following amino acids is missing to cause phenylketonuria?

Tyrosine

Which structure on the amino acid determines its function?

R group

Which of the following is responsible for the formation of melatonin?

Tryptophan

Which of the following vitamins is obtained from ultraviolet rays?

Vitamin D

What is the effect of a competitive inhibitor?

Increased KM

Which of the following forms hemoglobin?

Double polypeptide chain

Which of the following is considered the linear sequence in amino acids?

Primary

What is the purpose of enzymes?

Acts on the substrate degradation

Which vitamin is necessary for the absorption of iron?

Vitamin C

The basis for Vitamin B

12 is _____?

-Cobalt

Parathyroid hormone is needed for which of the following?

Increase calcium in the blood

Which of the following is a 5 carbon sugar?

Dihydroxyacetone

Which of the following combines alpha 1,4 and beta 1,6 linkage?

Amylopectin

Which of the following is a carbohydrate that can be absorbed without being broken down by the body?

Galactose

Which fatty acid is responsible for the production of inflammation?

Prostaglandin

Which of the following decreases serum calcium?

Calcitonin

Trans fats in food processing are partially by broken down by ___?

Hydrogenation

Which of the following is the glycerol back bone?

Triacylglycerol

Which of the following has the most concentration in the cell membrane?

Phospholipid

Which lipoprotein has the greatest amount of density?

HDL

Where in the body are chylomicrons produced?

Intestine

Bile salts and pancreatic enzymes are secreted into which part of the duodenum?

Descending