history

what were shires divided into

hundreds

what were tithings

a group of 10 men responsible for stopping crime

what was a hue and cry

a loud call for help to catch a criminal that all men had to join

what is a jury

a group of 10 local men who decided if a person was innocent or guilty based on knowledge of the individual

what were wergeld and botgeld

compensation payments for killing or injuring someone

what was kings peace

the idea that the king was responsible for maintaining law and order

what would they do if the jury could not decide if someones innocent or guilty

they would go through the trial of ordeal

what was the idea behind this

the belief that God would judge the accused and reveal the truth

what was an example of the trial of ordeal

trial by hot iron or (hot/cold water)

when was the trial by ordeal abolished

1215

why did the trial of ordeal end

the pope forbade priests from being involved so the judgement of God couldn’t happen

by how much did the anglo saxons outnumber the normans

2 million anglo saxons and 7000 normans

the rebellion against the normans led to what new crime

murdrum fine

what percentage of forest became royal forest

30%

what did this change and how were royal forests protected

it turned common land into private royal hunting grounds protected by foresters and forest courts

how did royal forests strengthen the king’s authority

by asserting absolute royal sovereignty over land and resources, while providing a direct source of revenue and social control through a separate, king-controlled legal system.

what was the mund and what was it similar to

the mund was the anglo saxon concept of personal protection and peace which was similar to the normans kings peace

what other part of anglosaxon law enforcement did william keep

william kept the tithing system the hue and cry and the traditional shire and hundreds courts

why did corporal and capital punishment increase

to act as a deterrent against rebellion and to assert the kings authority over the population

how did the church increase its influence

by establishing its own courts and operating under canon law

what did church justice give criminals a chance to do

Church just gave criminals a chance to reform their souls through penance and escape execution via the benefit of clergy