History Unit 3: Lancastrians and Yorkists

Covers themes 1-4

What are the 3 pillars of authority?

The church, Nobility, and king. They all offer each other mutual benefit.

When was Richard II’s reign?

1377-99

How old was Richard II when he inherited the throne?

10 years old.

What was the peasants revolt?

A major uprising in England in 1381 against Richard II, resulting in violent attacks on local and national leaders who were blamed for the creation of the fourth poll tax.

What was the black death?

A global pandemic that killed 30-45% of the population in it’s first outbreak. Whilst it resulted in psychological trauma, it improved living conditions by shifting the balance of power.

How did the black death improve living conditions?

It resulted in a shift in the balance of power, leading to higher wages, better diets and increased social mobility for labourers and peasants.

Who was John of Gaunt

Third son of Edward III and the main adviser to Richard II in his youth

Who took the throne from Richard II and when?

Henry Bolingbroke in 1399, becoming Henry IV

What was the name of Richard II’s most influential royal uncle?

John of Gaunt

Which highly unpopular tax sparked a revolt? When?

A poll tax (3rd in 4 years), 1381

What was the name of the main rebel leader in the peasants revolt?

What group of nobles successfully challenged Richard in 1388?

The Lords Appellants

Which bridge was the site of the Appellant’s military victory?

Radcot bridge

Richard II married the daughter of the King of which country in 1396?

France