Ap Bio unit 2 Cell organelles

Nucleus

The central organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and regulates gene expression. It plays a vital role in cell growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis, and transport within the cell. It exists in two forms: rough (with ribosomes) and smooth (without ribosomes).

Mitochondria

Organelles known as the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration, they also play a role in regulating metabolism and cell death.

Lysosome

Membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris. They are crucial for recycling cellular components and maintaining cellular homeostasis.

Chloroplast

They are organelles that convert light energy to chemical energy through Photosynthesis, which produces glucose

Cell Membrane

A lipid bilayer that surrounds the cell, providing structure and regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Golgi Body

An organelle involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Ribosome

A cellular structure that synthesizes proteins by translating messenger RNA into amino acid sequences. Ribosomes can be found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Central Vacuole

A large membrane-bound organelle found in plant cells that stores nutrients, waste products, and helps maintain turgor pressure.

Cell Wall

A rigid outer layer found in plant cells, fungi, and some bacteria that provides structural support and protection. It is primarily composed of cellulose in plants.