Ch 1 Intro A&P TERMS Vet Tech A&P1

Adjacent

Next to, adjoining, or close to.

Caudal

Pertaining to the tail end of the body or denoting a position more toward the tail or rear of the body than some other reference point (body part).

Cranial

Pertaining to the cranium or head end of the body, or denoting a position more toward the head end of the body than some other reference point (body part).

Cephalic

pertaining to the head

Rostral

Pertaining to the nose end of the head or toward the nose.

Dorsal

Pertaining to the back area

Ventral

Pertaining to the belly or underside of a quadruped or denoting a position more toward the belly (downward)

Lateral

Toward the side, away from the median plane, or pertaining to the side of the body.

Medial

toward the middle (midline)

Oblique

At an angle or pertaining to an angle.

Superficial

Near the surface; not deep.

Deep

Situated far beneath the surface; not superficial.

Peripheral

Situated near the outer areas or surface of the body

Proximal

nearest the point of attachment at the trunk (where arm attaches at shoulder, leg at hip)

Distal

Farthest from the center of the body relative to another body part, or a location on a body part relative to another closer location.

Superior

Above. Up.

Inferior

Below, underneath.

Palmar

The caudal surface of the front leg from the carpus to the phalanges. This includes the bottom surface of the front foot.

Plantar

The caudal surface of the hind leg from the hock to the phalanges. This includes the bottom surface of the hind foot.

Prone

To lie face down, in ventral recumbency.

Recumbent

Lying down.

Dorsal Recumbency

Lying on its back, face up.

Ventral Recumbency

Lying on it's ventral surface, or belly.

Lateral Recumbency

Lying on it's side.

Supine

To lie face up, in dorsal recumbency.

Abdominal

Pertaining to the abdomen.

Antebrachium

The distal area of the front legs of an animal, below the elbow joint.

Appendicular

Related to the limbs and their attachments to the trunk (axis) of the body. Legs/tail=appendages (blue skeleton)

Axial

Related to the head, neck, and trunk or torso, the axis of the body. (Tan skeleton)

Axillary

Armpit area, where the front leg meets the torso.

Brachial

The proximal area of the front legs of an animal, above the elbow joint.

Cervical

1. The neck area. 2. The cervix in the female's reproductive system.

Coccygeal

Pertaining to the tail or vertebrae of the tail.

Cranium

the part of the skull that encases the brain.

Crural

Pertaining to the lower rear legs of an animal.

Digital

Area of the toes or toe bones (the phalanges) are located.

Frontal

The forehead, above the eyes, where the frontal bone and frontal sinuses are located.

Inguinal

pertaining to the groin where the thigh attaches to the hip

Lumbar

Pertaining to the lumbar vertebrae (the part of the backbone in the lower back

Mammary

Pertaining to the mammary glands (the milk-producing glands).

Nasal

Pertaining to the nose.

Oral

Pertaining to the mouth.

Orbital

Pertaining to the bony eye socket (the orbit).

Patellar

Pertaining to the patella or knee cap.

Pelvic

Pertaining to the pelvis or hip bones (which are made up of four bones of each side of the pelvis: the ilium, ischi

Perineal

Pertaining to the area between the anus and the genitals.

Peritoneal

Pertaining to the cavity inside the abdomen and the membrane that lines this cavity.

Pleural

Pertaining to the cavity inside the chest and the membranes that line this cavity.

Popliteal

Pertaining to the caudal area or back of the true knee, the stifle joint, where the popliteal lymph node is located.

Pubic

Pertaining to the area located between the animals's rear legs where genitals are found

Sacral

Pertaining to the sacrum, the fused vertebrae by which the pelvis is attached to the backbone.

Scapular

Pertaining to the scapula or the shoulder blade area.

Sternal

Pertaining to the region of the sternum, or breastbone.

Stifle

the true knee, the femorotibial joint.

Thoracic

pertaining to the thorax or chest

Umbilical

Pertaining to the umbilicus or navel (bellybutton).

Vertebral

Pertaining to the vertebrae or spinal column.

Buccal

Surface of the tooth that is next to the cheek.

Contact of teeth

Surface of the tooth that is adjacent to the next tooth.

Labial

Surface of the incisor teeth that is next to the lips.

Palatal

Surface of the upper teeth that is next to the hard palate.

Distal (teeth position)

Surfaces of the incisor teeth that are away from the middle or median plane of the mouth (the lateral surfaces), and the caudal surfaces of the canine, premolar, and molar teeth.

Lingual

Surface of the lower teeth that is next to the tongue.

Mesial

Surfaces of the incisor teeth that are toward the middle or median plane of the mouth (the medial surfaces), and the rostral surface of the canine, premolar, and molar teeth.

Occlusal

Surface of the tooth that makes contact with the opposing tooth. It is the chewing or biting surface.

Abduction

Movement of a limb away from the median line or middle of the body.

Adduction

Movement of a limb toward the median line or middle of the body.

Eversion

Turning outward or inside out.

Extension

Straightening, or the act of straightening, as with a joint.

Flexion

Bending or the act of bending, as with a joint.

Pronation

The act of turning the body or arm (leg) so the ventral aspect of the body or the palm is down.

Rotation

turning about an axis.

Supination

The act of turning the body or arm (leg) so the ventral aspect (palm) is up.

Dorsal Plane

Divides the body dorsally and ventrally, not necessarily in equal divisions.

Median Plane

Divides the body into left and right halves, equally.

Paramedian Plane

Parallel to the median plane and also divides the body into left and right parts, but not equally.

Sagittal Plane

Parallel to the median plane and also divides the body into left and right parts, but not necessarily equal.

Transverse Plane

Divides the body cranially and caudally, not necessarily in equal divisions.

Microscopic Anatomy

structures too small to be seen with the naked eye

macroscopic anatomy

study of large body structures visible to the naked eye

Homeostasis

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment (Ex: shiver when its cold to warm up body)

inflammation

Injured or infected area becomes red, swollen, hot, and painful.

internal

inside

muscle tissue

A tissue that contracts or shortens, making body parts move.

nervous tissue

Tissue that senses stimuli and transmits signals.

Organs

Tissues that work together to perform a specific function

Parietal

pertaining to the wall of a cavity, covered in a membrane

Pastern

area of the limb between the fetlock and hoof

Physiology

How the body functions

pleura

double-layered membrane surrounding each lung

poll

nuchal crest (top of head)

Posterior

toward the back

rostral

toward the nose or mouth

sagittal plane

divides body into left and right

skeletal muscle

A muscle that is attached to the bones of the ske leandprovides the force that moves the bones.

smooth muscle

involuntary muscle found in internal organs

spinal canal

the canal formed by the vertebrae that protects the spinal cord

stifle

knee

superficial

near the surface (red)

Tailhead

base of tail