Integrated Science exam 2 study set

The correct sequence of the enzyme which catalyzes the first four reactions in glycolysis:

A. hexokinase, phosphofructose kinase, phosphoglucose isomerase, enolase

B. aldolase, hexokinase, phosphoglycerate kinase, enolase

C. hexokinase, triose phosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, enolase

D. hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, phosphoglucose isomerase, aldolase

E. none of the above

E

The net ATPs made in glycolysis is ___ and the total number of NADH made in glycolysis is:

A. Six, two

B. four, three

C. two, one

D two, two

E. 36 and two

D

Which of the following are enzyme(s) catalyze irreversible reactions in glycolysis?

A. Glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase

B. Hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase

C. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, phosphoglycerate kinase

D. pyruvate carboxylase

E. Aldolase and phosphoglycerate

B

Of the ten reactions Glycolysis, which use up an ATP?

A. Reactions: 1, 7, 10

B. Reactions: 2, 4, 8

C. Reactions: 1, 3

D. reactions: 8, 10

C

Of the ten reactions in Glycolysis, which make ATP?

A. Reactions: 7, 10

B. Reactions: 2, 4, 8

C. Reactions: 1, 3

D. Reactions: 8, 10

A

Triose Phosphate catalyzes the formation of this Glycolytic intermediate

A. Pyruvate

B. Glyceraldehyde 3-phospahte

C. Fructose 6-Phosphate

D. 3-Phosphoglycerate

B

Pyruvate Kinase catalyzes the formation of this Glycolytic intermediate

A. Pyruvate

B. Glyceraldehyde 3-phospahte

C. Fructose 6-Phosphate

D. 3-Phosphoglycerate

A

Phosphoglucose isomerase catalyzes the formation of this Glycolytic intermediate

A. Pyruvate

B. Glyceraldehyde 3-phospahte

C. Fructose 6-Phosphate

D. 3-Phosphoglycerate

C

Phosphoglycerate kinase catalyzes the formation of this glycolytic intermediate

A. Pyruvate

B. Glyceraldehyde 3-phospahte

C. Fructose 6-Phosphate

D. 3-Phosphoglycerate

D

Which reaction in glycolysis is an example of an Oxidation-reduction reaction.

A. Formation of Phosphoenolpyruvate

B. Formation of 2-phosphoglycerate

C. Formation of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

D. Formation of Fructose 6-phosphate

A

Which reaction if an example of an Isomerization type of reaction

A. Formation of 2-phosphoglycerate

B. Formation of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

C. Formation of Fructose 6-phosphate

D. B and D

C

GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3, GLUT4, and GLUT5 are glucose transporters that carry hexose sugars across the membrane without requiring energy

true/false

true

This citric acid cycle enzyme catalyzes an oxidative decarboxylation reaction that produces CO2, NADH and Alpha-ketoglutarate

A. Citrate Synthase

B. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

C. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase

D. Alpha-ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex

C

This citric acid cycle enzyme catalyzes an oxidative decarboxylation reaction that produces CO2, NADH, and acetyl-CoA

A. Citrate Synthase

B. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

C. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase

D. Alpha-ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex

A

This citric acid cycle enzyme catalyzes an oxidative decarboxylation reaction that produces CO2, NADH, and succinyl-CoA

A. Citrate Synthase

B. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

C. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase

D. Alpha-ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex

D

Which citric acid cycle intermediates is produced along with the production of an NADH?

A. Cirtate

B. Isocitrate

C. Alpha-ketoglutarate

D. Succinyl-CoA

E. C and D

E

We get the most energy by oxidizing which of the following substances?

A. Protiens

B. Sugars

C. Fats

C

Each molecule of NADH results in the production of how many ATP molecules?

A. 2

B. 3

C. 4

D. 18

E. 36

B

The oxidation of glucose to two molecules each of pyruvate, ATP, and NADH is called ____ and occurs in the ______.

A. Glycolysis; cytoplasm

B. Fermentation; cytoplasm

C. The cycle; matrix of the mitochondrion

D. Anaerobic respiration; cytoplasm

E. The respiratory electron transport chain; cristae of the mitochondria

A

After 2 acetyl-CoA enter the kreb cycle, how many total NADH, FADH2, and GTP would be formed?

A. 3NADH, 1FADH2 and 1GTP

B. 9NADH, 2FADH2, 3GTP

C. 6NADH, 2FADH2, 2GTP

D. 8NADH, 9FADH2, 8GTP

E. None of the above

C

Pyruvate is converted into this compound that enters the TCA cyscle

A. Fumarate

B. AcetylCoA

C. Lactate

D. Succinyl CoA

E. None of the above

B

The enzyme responsible for degrading glycogen in glycogenolysis is

A. Glucose decarboxylase

B. Glycogen kinase

C. UDP-glucose phosphorylase

D. Glycogen phosphorylase

E. All of the above

D

When a lipid molecule is hydrolyzed, this bond is broken, which splits the molecule into its component parts:

A. Ether

B. Ester

C. Phosphodiester

D. Peptide

E. None of the above

B

Which of the following is NOT a pancreatic enzyme used for digestion of proteins?

A. Aminopeptidase

B. Trypsin

C. Chymotrypsin

D. Cholesteryl ester hydrolase

E. None of the above

D

If the body has all of the glucose it needs, any extra glucose taken in all probably undergo:

A. Gluconeogenesis

B. Glycogenesis

C. Glyconeolysis

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

B

How many mollecules of pyruvate are produced from the metabolism of 1 molecule of glucose during glycolysis?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

B

The following hormone causes the release of glucose from glycogen reserves when a hypoglycemic condition develops:

A. Insulin

B. Glucagon

C. Both

D. Neither

B

The following hormone removes excess glucose from the bloodstream:

A. Insulin

B. Glucagon

C. Both

D. Neither

A

When a lipid molecule is hydrolyzed these products are generated:

A. Hyaluronic acid

B. Glycerol

C. Glucosamine

D. Fatty acid

E. B and D

E

Fatty acids are broken down by this metabolic process:

A. Alpha oxidation

B. Beta oxidation

C. Gamma oxidation

D. Delta oxidation

E. None of the above

B

Which of the following is NOT a steroid hormone?

A. Testosterone

B. Hydroxybuterone

C. Estradiol

D. Progesterone

E. Aldosterone

B

The number of ATPs produced by the complete combustion of glucose to carbon dioxide and water:

A. 2

B. 12

C. 24

D. 30

E. 38

E

Plasma lipoproteins include all of the following except:

A. LDL

B. Chylomicrons

C. VDL

D. VLDL

E. HDL

C

Which of the following enzymes is NOT found in the EMP pathway?

A. Hexokinase

B. Phosphofructokinase

C. Eolase

D. Fumarase

E. Aldolase

D

When high-demand exercising muscle generates anaerobic conditions, this metabolic pathway is induced to convert lactate to glucose in the liver.

A. Gluconeogensis cycle

B. Cori cycle

C. Glycogensis cyce

D. Glycogenolysis

E. None of the above

B

Which of the following is responsible for mediating allergic reactions?

A. Melanin

B. Creatine

C. Histamine

D. Serotonin

C

A function of serotonin is

A. To regulate sleep

B. To cause inflammatory reactions

C. To induce gastric acid secretion

D. To protect cells from the harmful effects of sunlight

a

What is the diagnostic value of ALT & AST?

A. ALT is decreased in muscle disorders

B. ALT & AST is decreased in liver disease

C. ALT & AST is elevated in liver disease

D. AST is elevated in heart disease

E. None of the above

C

Which of these is NOT a catecholamine?

A. Norepinephrine

B. Dompamine

C. Serotonin

D. Epinephrine

C

Which is a source from which amino acids are supplied to the body?

A. By the degradation of body proteins

B. Consumption of dietary proteins

C. Synthesis of nonessential amino acids from simple intermediates of metabolism

D. All of the above

D

Which of the following is NOT an intermediate in the urea cycle?

A. Ornithine

B. Argininosuccinate

C. Arginine

D. Citrulline

E. Lysine

E

PKU is the most common clinically encountered inborn error of amino acid metabolism which cannot break down which amino acid?

A. Phenylethylamine

B. phenylalanine

C. Tryptophan

D. 5-HTP

B

The initial digestion of proteins begins in the

A. Mouth

B. Stomach

C. Small intestine

D. None of the above

B

Which of the following enzymes are activated by the presence of HCl

A. Renin

B. Salivary amylase

C. Pepsin

D. Lipase

C

During amnio acid catabolism, what enzyme transfers an amino group from glutamate to oxaloacetate and form aspartate?

A. AST

B. ALT

C. TAS

D. TLA

E. None of the above

A.

What does AST stand for?

A. Aspartane amino transferase

B. Aspartate amino transferase

C. Alanine amino transferase

D. Alpha amino transferase

E. None of the above

B

The primary transporter of fructose into cells is

A. SGLT-1

B. GLUT-2

C. GLUT-4

D. GLUT-5

D

Oxaloacetate is generated from the dehydrogenation of this molecule:

A. L-Malate

B. Succinate

C. Citrate

D. Iso-citrate

E. None of the above

A

The enzyme that produces glyceraldehyde 3-P and dihydroxyacetone-P from fructose:

A. Enolase

B. Phosphoglycerate kinase

C. Phosphofructokinase

D. Aldolase

E. Fructobismutase

D

The product of the enzyme hexokinase in glycolysis is

A. Fructose 6-P

B. Glucose 6-P

C. Glyceraldehyde 3-P

D. Phosphoenol pyruvate

E. None of the above

B

The product converts this substrate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

A. 3-phosphoglycerate

B. 2-phosphoglycerate

C. Lactate

D. DHAP

B

The following enzyme converts glyceraldehyde 3-P to 1,3 bisphosphate glycerate

A. Phosphoglucose isomerase

B. Glyceraldehyde 3-P kinase

C. Phosphotriose isomerase

D. Glyceraldehyde 3-P dehydrogenase

E. None of the above

D

The enzyme that converts DHAP to glyceraldehyde 3-P

A. Aldolase

B. Glyceraldehyde 3-P

C. DHAP kinase

D. Phosphotriose isomerase

D

Esters of fatty acids and high molecular weight alcohols are known as

A. Shingolipids

B. Steroids

C. Cerebrosides

D. Waxes

B

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are synthesized from

A. Glycine

B. Arginine

C. Tryosine

D. Methionine

E. None of the above

C

GABA is synthesized from the amino acid

A. Trytophan

B. Tryosine

C. Glycine

D. Glutamate

E. None of the above

D

The amino acid tryptophan is used to synthesize the neurotransmitter

A. Acetylcholine

B. serotonin

C. DOPA

D. Thyroxine

E. None of the above

B

Which of the following converts trypsinogen to trypsin

A. Pepsin

B. Peptidase

C. Chymotrypsin

D. Enterokinase

E. None of the above

D

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a defect in which of the following

A. Pyrimidine salvage pathways

B. Purine salvage pathways

C. Porphyrin breakdown

D. Transamination

B

Zymogens are inactive forms of

A. Polysaccharides

B. Lipis

C. Genes

D. Vitamins

E. Enzymes

E

Which of the following is known as the debranching enzyme

A. Glucose phosphorylase

B. Amylo-a (1-4) glucosidase

C. Glycogen phosphorylase

D. Amylo-a (1-6) glucosidase

E. None of the above

D

Which of the following complexes is known as NADH dehydrogenase?

A. Complex 1

B. Complex 2

C. Complex 3

D. Complex 4

A

This molecule is used as a diagnostic test for chronic hyperglycemia

A. HDL

B. HbB

C. HbAlc

D. ALT

E. None of the above

C

This lipoprotein is known as the "good" cholesterol

A. VLDL

B. LDL

C. HDL

D. None of the above

B

These hormone-like substances play a role in inflammation

A. Thromboxanes

B. Cerebrosides

C. Shingosine

D. Prostaglandins

E. None of the above

D

Gangliosides play a predominant role in these tissues

A. Liver

B. Heart

C. Kidney

D. Brain

E. None of the above

D

Oxidate phosphorylation occurs in the

A. EMP pathway

B. Kreb cycle

C. Cori cycle

D. Electron transport chain

E. Glycogenesis pathway

B

Gout results from elevated levels of

A. Ketone

B. Uric acid

C. Glucose

D. Urea

E. None of the above

B

Histamine is formed through the ____ of histidine

A. Phosphorylation

B. Deamination

C. Decarboxylation

D. Hydorylsis

E. None of the above

C

These cells are responsible for producing gastric HCl during protein digestion

A. Parietal

B. Hepatocytes

C. Lingual

D. Cheif

E. None of the above

D