APWH final review

What was the Mongol Empire in Yuan China known for?

Conquering most of Asia and parts of europe

created the Yuan dynasty - mongolian led which is what Genghis Khan wants

What was life like for Jewish communities under Christian rule in Spain?

Jews lived under Christian rule with some tolerance, but often faced discrimination and persecution.

What did state-building look like in Asia, Dar al-Islam, Europe, Africa, and the Americas?

States used religion, military, and bureaucracy to build strong governments and control their people.

What were some achievements of Song China?

Song China made advances in technology, economy (paper money), and government (civil service exams).

How did Confucianism affect Chinese government?

It shaped the civil service exam system and stressed respect, order, and education.

What were Islamic states known for during this time?

They excelled in science, math, architecture, and preserved ancient knowledge.

What were the Silk Roads, Indian Ocean trade, and Trans-Saharan routes?

Major trade networks that connected different regions and allowed exchange of goods and ideas.

What spread through trade networks during this period?

The Black Death, religions, goods, technologies, and cultural practices.

What were some effects of increased connectivity between regions?

Spread of ideas and goods, environmental changes, and blending of cultures.

How did the Mongol Empire affect trade and exchange?

It protected and encouraged trade across Eurasia, making travel safer and faster.

Who was Tamerlane and why is he important?

A conqueror who tried to rebuild a Mongol-style empire; known for warfare and legacy of strong empires.

How did the Ottoman, Mughal, and Safavid empires govern?

They used strong centralized power, religious tolerance (at times), and military strength.

How did empires use religion, architecture, and military to gain legitimacy?

They built grand structures, claimed divine support, and expanded through conquest.

What role did belief systems play in building empires?

Religions united people and justified rulers’ power, helping control diverse populations.

What was the Columbian Exchange?

The transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds.

What were plantation economies?

Farms in colonies that grew cash crops using enslaved labor to make profits for Europe.

What was the casta system?

A social ranking based on race and ancestry in Spanish colonies.

What did Jesuit missionaries do in China?

They tried to spread Christianity by adapting to Chinese culture and traditions.

How did Christianity impact colonized areas?

Christianity changed colonized societies by replacing local beliefs, spreading European culture, and being used as a reason for colonial control.