BI358 final
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40 Terms
which one is NOT an element of the circulatory system?
a dome shaped muscle to withdraw air
haemolymphs are present in…
open circulatory systems
blood is present in…
closed circulatory systems
which one is true?
closed circulatory systems evolved from chordate ancestors with open circulatory systems
red blood cells have….
proteins involved in O2 and CO2 transport
haematocrit
proportion of blood composed of red blood cells
which system distributes blood and helps regulate blood pressure?
arterial system
which one is the site of gas and/or nutrient exchange?
capillaries
which one returns blood to the heart and act as a blood volume reservoir
venous system
which one creates pressure that drives blood flow?
the heart
vertebrate system has…
one or more pumps
which one do fish have?
single circuit circulatory system
which one do mammals have?
double circuit circulatory system
which one pumps blood to the lungs and returns it to the heart?
double circuit circulatory system
pulmonary circulation is a _________ pressure system
low
systemic circulation is a ________ pressure system
high
right ventricle → lungs → left atrium is the pathway for which circulation?
pulmonary
left ventricle → tissues → right atrium is the pathway for which circulation?
systemic
which one delivers O2 to other organs and tissues?
systemic circulation
which one picks up O2 at the lungs?
pulmonary circulation
what happens in the ventricular diastole in the cardiac cycle in mammals?
pressure in the atria exceeds ventricular pressure
what happens in the atrial systole?
atrial contraction forces additional blood into ventricles
systole
the period of ventricular contraction
what happens in the ventricular systole?
ventricular contraction pushes the AV valves closed and increases pressure inside the ventricle
contractile fibres have the properties of…
both
which one has the extended period of depolarization?
cardiac fibres
an ________ of ______ causes depolarization
increase; Ca2+
which one is cardiac ventricle?
3
external respiration
gas exchange
movement of O2 from environment to cell and movement of CO2 in opposite direction describes which respiration?
external
which one originates as invaginations?
lungs
which one originates as evaginations?
gills
conducting zone
reinforced with cartilage and smooth muscle
which one allows for gas exchange?
respiratory zone
which one does NOT increase when inhalation occurs?
positive pressure
thoracic and lung volume decrease with…
exhalation
positive pressure is created with..
exhalation
crosscurrent
parabronchi are the terminal gas exchange units in birds, through which air flows in one direction
as blood passes the respiratory surface, the high PO2 promotes the formation of…
oxyhaemoglobin
as blood passes through the tissues, O2 diffuses into the tissues and reduces teh blood PO2. the Low PO2 promotes the release of what?
deoxyhaemoglobin