1.1 - 1.3 Intro to Cell Structure

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Last updated 8:08 AM on 8/25/26
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16 Terms

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cell

Cells are the smallest unit of life. All cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes and genetic material (DNA).

<p>Cells are the smallest unit of life. All cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes and genetic material (DNA).</p>
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cell membrane

Covering that surrounds the cell and controls what enters/exits the cell.

<p>Covering that surrounds the cell and controls what enters/exits the cell.</p>
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cytoplasm

sits between the outer cell membrane and the nucleus (if present), holding all the internal parts and organelles (if present) in place

<p>sits between the outer cell membrane and the nucleus (if present), holding all the internal parts and organelles (if present) in place</p>
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Prokaryotic cell

do not have a nucleus nor membrane-bound organelles; only bacteria

<p>do not have a nucleus nor membrane-bound organelles; only bacteria</p>
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Eukaryotic cells

have a nucleus and organelles; Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists

<p>have a nucleus and organelles; Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists</p>
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organelles

Complicated structures that do many jobs inside cells; are membrane bound

<p>Complicated structures that do many jobs inside cells; are membrane bound</p>
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nucleus

a membrane-bound organelle that functions as the control center of the cell. It holds the genetic material (DNA) and directs the cell's day-to-day activities.

<p>a membrane-bound organelle that functions as the control center of the cell. It holds the genetic material (DNA) and directs the cell's day-to-day activities.</p>
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ribosomes

structures that make proteins in all living cells.

<p>structures that make proteins in all living cells.</p>
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

a continuous membrane system covered with ribosomes. It acts as the cell's primary factory floor for manufacturing and processing proteins.

<p>a continuous membrane system covered with ribosomes. It acts as the cell's primary factory floor for manufacturing and processing proteins.</p>
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mitochondria

release energy through cellular respiration which converts nutrients into usable chemical energy.

<p>release energy through cellular respiration which converts nutrients into usable chemical energy.</p>
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Golgi apparatus

modifies, packages, and routes proteins

<p>modifies, packages, and routes proteins</p>
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chloroplasts

found only in photosynthetic cells (such as plants); convert light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis

<p>found only in photosynthetic cells (such as plants); convert light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis</p>
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DNA

Genetic material given from parents to offspring; the instructions for making new cells

<p>Genetic material given from parents to offspring; the instructions for making new cells</p>
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Diffusion

the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

<p>the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.</p>
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equilibrium

when particles become evenly spread between two areas

<p>when particles become evenly spread between two areas</p>
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Concentration Gradient

difference in concentration between two areas

<p>difference in concentration between two areas</p>