FNR 533 Final Exam, forest regeneration, Purdue

An absolute mess of a set, probably full of duplicates

regeneration

Natural or intentional process of replacing or restoring a forest ecosystem that has been disturbed, damaged, or harvested

Deforestation

Conversion of forest to other land use independently of whether human-induced or not

Reforestation

The reestablishment of forest cover either naturally (by natural seeding, coppice, or root suckers) or artificially (by direct seeding or planting

Afforestation

Establishment of a forest or stand in an area where the preceding vegetation or land was not a forest

Forestation

Establishment of forest growth on areas that either had supported a forest, or previously lacked it

Restoration

Deliberate and planned process of repairing, rebuilding, or renewing a forest ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or otherwise compromised

global forest area

4058931 mha

Percentage of world forest area

100%

what percent of the world’s forests are in the US

7.5%

How many acres of forest in the US

819 million

How much of the US is covered in forest

36%

there are how many acres of forest for every person in the US?

2.5 acres

percent of the world’s forests that are in canada

9%

how many acres of forest in canada

262 million ha/895 million acres

what percent of canada is covered by forest

40%

how many acres of forest is there for every canadian

9.5 ha or 23.5 acres

According to the FAO, the rate of annual deforestation around the world during the past 30 years has been

decreasing

one example of a civilization collapse associated with deforestation and failed forest regeneration

Easter Island

Before human habitation, easter island was covered by

subtropical palm forest (stem diameter of 7 feet) and shrubland

What was the source of food and wood on Easter island

palm trees

Fast growing nitrogen fixer

cauarina oligodon “yar”

possible first silviculturalists

new guinea highlands

What did Hans von Carlowitz write

Sylvicultura oeconomica

Hans Von Carlowitz’s book idea

how with God’s good will, the ever-stronger scarcity of timber is to be managed by sowing, growing and planting of seedlings and how to multiply the timber harvest at every stage of growth

Gifford Pinchot studied in what country

France

What did Gifford Pinchot start

SAF, first forestry school in US at Yale, Journal of Forestry

What did Gifford Pinchot do

first Chief of forest service

The person credited with first documenting the concept of sustainability using forest regeneration was

Hans von Carlowitz

what percent of the global industrial roundwood production is supplied by natural forests

54%

what percent of the global industrial roundwood production is supplied by plantations

33%

what percent of the global industrial roundwood production is supplied by SNFP

12%

The average North American uses ___ liters of wood per day

5.5

Forest plantations make up ____% of the global forest area and supply ____% of the global industrial roundwood demand

3,33%

what percent of forest plantations are in asia

65.56%

what percent of forest plantations are in south america

18.28%

what percent of forest plantations are in north america

14.03%

what percent of forest plantations are in africa

5.699%

what percent of forest plantations are in oceania

4.337%

what percent of forest plantations are in Europe

3.978%

Due to advances in forest regeneration and management practices in the US southern pine region from 1940 to 2010, average wood yields per acre increased about ____ times and rotation ages decreased by about ____ during this period

4, half

spores

mitosis

gametophyte

gametes

fusion

zygote

a fertilized egg

sporophyte

meiosis

The three types are:

One-year Reproductive Cycle

Two-year Reproductive Cycle

Three-year Reproductive Cycle

wen did gymnosperms begin to dominate the landscape

240-205 Million Years Ago

when did angiosperms emerge in the fossil record

150 Million Years Ago

angiosperm or gymnosperm which dominates

angiosperm

angiosperms

• Flowering plants

• Reproductive system in flowers

• Seed enclosed within ovary

• Flat leaves

• Seasonal life cycle

• Has triploid tissue

• Pollinated by animals, wind, water

• Hardwood

gymnosperms

• Non-flowering plants

• Reproductive system in cones

• Unenclosed or naked seeds

• Needle-like leaves

• Evergreen

• Has haploid tissue

• Mainly pollinated by wind

• Softwood

angiosperm vs gymnosperm

Flowering plants	Non-flowering plants
Reproductive system in flowers	Reproductive system in cones
Seed enclosed within ovary	Unenclosed or naked seeds
Has triploid tissue	Has haploid tissue
Pollinated by animals, wind, water	Mainly pollinated by wind

reproductive system in cones

gymnosperm

flowering plant

angiosperm

has haploid tissue

gymnosperm

mainly pollinated by wind

gymnosperm

has triploid tissue

angiosperm

non-flowering plant

gymnosperm

unenclosed or naked seed

gymnosperm

seed enclosed within ovary

angiosperm

reproductive system in flowers

angiosperm

pollinated by animals, wind, and water

angiosperm

the sporophyte produces spores by

meiosis

Planning for forest regeneration occurs within the context of a larger forest management plan. Which factors in a forest management plan affect forest regeneration planning?

-Ecological goals

- Financial goals

- Social goals

What are the 9 Steps of Forest regeneration planning?

1.) Site assessment

2.) Objective Setting

3.) Regeneration approach

4.) Overstory manipulation prescription

5.) Site preparation prescription

6.) Regulatory/ Certification requirements

7.) Cost sharing

8.) Implement prescription

9.) Follow-up monitoring and evaluation

Which factors are not included in a site assessment for a forest regeneration plan?

- road culvert locations

- air quality

- Distance to nearest state natural resource agency office

The biotic aspects contributing to site "inertia" refer to which site factors?

- Bud bank

- Seed bank

- Advance regeneration

- Seed rain

What are the two primary federal laws affecting reforestation on National Forest System land?

Knutson-Vandenberg Act of 1930

National Forest Management Act of 1976

What are the two federal laws applicable to private forestlands that can affect forest regeneration?

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act of 1947

Endangered Species Act of 1973

Which three federal agencies offer cost-sharing programs for forest regeneration?

- US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)

- USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)

- USDA Farm Services Agency (FSA)

At least how many US states have laws requiring reforestation after timber harvesting?

7

Based on 15-year results from the COMProject (A Regional Study of Loblolly Pine Plantation Development after Early Complete Woody and/or Herbaceous Plant Control), yield gains in loblolly pine were greatest when_____

Woody and herbaceous vegetation were both controlled

Most early gains in tree seedling growth from controlling competing vegetation generally come from suppressing or removing______.

Herbaceous vegetation