earth environmental science
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atmosphere and oceans
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56 Terms
What does conservation of matter mean?
Matter is never created or destroyed, only changed.
How can a rock change form while following conservation of matter?
A rock can weather into sediment and become sedimentary rock while the matter stays the same.
A roller coaster at the top of a hill is what type of energy?
Potential energy.
A baseball flying through the air is what type of energy?
Kinetic energy.
A stretched rubber band is what type of energy?
Potential energy.
How can potential energy turn into kinetic energy?
When stored energy is released and an object starts moving.
What is one problem with flat maps compared to globes?
Flat maps distort size or shape.
Why do map projections look distorted?
Because Earth is round and maps are flat.
What is the purpose of a control group?
It provides a comparison to test results.
Which variables must stay the same?
All other variables.
What happens to an object with a density of 0.7 g/cm³ in water?
It floats.
What happens to an object with a density of 1.3 g/cm³ in water?
It sinks.
Why is water’s “magic number” 1.0 g/cm³?
Objects less dense float and more dense sink.
Why is Pluto considered a dwarf planet?
It has not cleared its orbit.
Where is Pluto found?
In the Kuiper Belt.
What layer contains the ozone layer?
The stratosphere.
What does the ozone layer protect us from?
Harmful UV radiation.
What causes Earth’s magnetic field?
Movement of molten iron in the outer core.
What is one effect of Earth’s magnetic field?
It protects Earth from solar radiation.
What weather change happens during El Niño?
Increased rainfall in some areas.
What is a difference between El Niño and La Niña?
El Niño has warmer water and La Niña has cooler water.
Why did ancient civilizations build near rivers?
For water, food, transportation, and fertile soil.
How can flooding help farmland?
It deposits nutrient
What is permeability?
How easily water moves through soil or rock.
Why can Earth hold liquid water?
It has the right temperature and air pressure.
Why can’t liquid water stay on the Moon or Mars?
There is little or no atmosphere.
What powers surface ocean currents?
Wind.
What powers deep ocean currents?
Differences in temperature and salinity.
What causes the Coriolis Effect?
Earth’s rotation.
In which hemisphere do winds curve to the right?
Northern Hemisphere.
Which is less dense, water or ice?
Ice.
How does ice help life survive in winter?
It insulates the water below.
What natural feature stores groundwater?
An aquifer.
What is a geyser?
Heated water rises under pressure and erupts.
What is a hot spring?
Warm groundwater flows to the surface.
Why does warm air rise?
It is less dense.
Why does cool air sink?
It is more dense.
How does this create wind?
Air moves from high pressure to low pressure.
Cool air moves from ocean to land during the day—is this a sea or land breeze?
Sea breeze.
Cool air moves from land to ocean at night—is this a sea or land breeze?
Land breeze.
Feeling heat from the Sun is what type of heat transfer?
Radiation.
Water warming by circulation is what type of heat transfer?
Convection.
Touching a hot pan is what type of heat transfer?
Conduction.
Which layer contains weather?
Troposphere.
Which layer contains the ozone?
Stratosphere.
Which layer burns up meteors?
Mesosphere.
What removes CO₂ from the atmosphere?
Photosynthesis.
What adds CO₂ to the atmosphere?
Respiration and burning fossil fuels.
What is albedo?
How much sunlight a surface reflects.
Which has a higher albedo, black asphalt or fresh snow?
Fresh snow.
What time of day has the strongest insolation?
Noon.
What area receives the most direct sunlight year
round?
What is the weather like in the Intertropical Convergence Zone?
Hot, humid, rainy, and calm.
Why do trade winds move toward the Intertropical Convergence Zone?
It is a low
What is nitrogen fixation?
Bacteria change nitrogen gas into a usable form for plants.
How can too much nitrogen harm water ecosystems?
It causes algae blooms that reduce oxygen.