Foreign Policy Chapter 16

Foreign policy

Area of policy making that encompassess how one country builds relations with others in order to safeguard its national interest

Defense Policy

Area of policy making that focuses on the strategies that a country uses to protect itself

Isolationism

U.S policy of avoiding entangling alliances with foreign powers

Farewell Address

George Washingtons’ address to the public warning of the dangers to avoid in order to preserve the republic. This included alliances

Monroe Doctrine

President James Monroe’s 1823 pledge that Europe stay out of western hemisphere endeavors

Tariffs

Taxes on imported goods

Manifest Destiny

Theory that the U.S was divinely supported to expand West

Roosevelt Corollary

(Early 20th Century) Concept by Roosevelt that declared it was U.S responsibility to ensure stability in Latin America and the Caribbean

League of Nations

A multilateral diplomatic organization that existed from 1920-1946 that sought, unsuccessfully, to prevent future wars; U.S never joined.

Collective Security

The idea that an attack on one country is an attack on all countries

United Nations

A multilateral organization founded in 1945 and continuing today that is intended to promote peaceful resolution of international disputes and advance human development worldwide, the United States is a founding member

UN Security Council

A pprincipal part of the UN charged with authorizing peacekeeping operations, international sanctions, and military action in order to maintain global peace and security.

Iron Curtain

A term used during the Cold War to describe the divide between the capitalist West and communist East.

Bretton Woods System

International financial system devised before the end of WWII that created the world bank and International Monetary Fund

International Monetary Fund

International governmental organization designed to stabilize international currency transactions

World Bank

International governmental organization created to provide loans for large economic development projects

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

Post-World War 2 economic development treaty designed to help facilitate international trade negotiations and promote free trade.

World Trade Organization (WTO)

International org that replaced GATT in 1995 to supervise and expand international trade

Cold War

U.S v CommunismC

Containment

U.S policy opposing Soviet expansion and communist revolutions around the world with military forces, economic assistance, and political influence.

Deterrence

The military strat of employing enormous force, including nuclear weapons, in order to prevent the outbreak or escalation of armed conflcits

Truman Doctrine

Anti communist policy in 1947. basis of u.s foreign policy throughout Cold War

Marshall Plan

European collective recovery program that provided extensive american aid to western Europe after ww2

NATO

First peacetime military treaty joined by the U.S.

Berlin Wall

Barrier built by East Germany in 1961 to cut off democratic west Germany from communist East berlin

Cuban Missile Crisis

The 1962 confrontation over the deployment of ballistic missiles in Cuba that nearly escalated into nuclear war between U.S and Soviet Union

Korean War

Civil War between North and South Korea with communism. U.S supported South

Vietnam War

Civil War where Communist North Vietnam and South Vietnam fought. U.S supported South

Détente

Improvement in relations between U.S and soviet union during the 70’s

Reagan Doctrine

Reagan Administration’s commitment to ending communism by providing military assistance to anti-communist groups

Gulf War

A military conflict where U.S-led international coalition reversed the occupation of Kuwait by the armed forces of Iraq

al-Qaeda

Islamic terrorist group responsible for 9/11 and other actions against U.S overseas interest

Global war on terror

An international action, initated by President George W. Bush after 9/11, to weed out terrorist opeatives throughout the world

Afghanistan War

U.S-led international coalition invaded afghanistan in order to depose the govt and deny a safe haven to terrorists

Iraq War

U.S-led international coalition invaded Iraq and deposed its regime but proved unable to establish a stable new govt

ISIS

Terrorist organization who controls part of Syria and Iraq and usees that as a base to direct and inspire terrorist attacks abroad

National Security Council

The agency within the White house, which brings together key foreign policy actors to advise the president

Department of State

Cabinet responsible for formulation and implementation of U.S foreign policy

Department of Defense

Cabinet responsible for formulation and implementation of defense and military policy

Joints Chief of Staff

Military advisory body that includes the Army chief of staff, the Air Force chief of staff, the chief of naval operations, and the Marine commandant.

Department of homeland security

coordinates domestic security efforts

central intelligence Agency (CIA)

U.S. government agency dedicated to intelligence gathering and covert operations.

War Powers resolution

Passed in 1973; the president is required to consult with Congress before deploying American troops into hostile situations. the president is required to report to Congress within forty-eight hours of the deployment.

military-industrial complex

The network of political and financial relations formed by defense industries, the U.S. armed forces, and Congress

foreign-policy realism

A perspective contending that international behavior of countries is mainly intended to protect their economic and security interests.

foreign-policy idealism

the belief that countries behave the way they do internationally because of their values and principles

protectionism

trade policy wherein a country takes steps to limit the import of foreign goods through tariffs and subsidies to domestic firms.

strategic trade policy

A trade policy wherein governments identify key industries that they wish to see grow and enact policies to support their development and success.

free trade system

A system of international trade that limits government interference on the sale of goods and services among countries.

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Agreement that promotes free movement of goods and services among Canada, Mexico, and the United States

Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)

proposed agreement between the U. S. and eleven other nations on the Pacific Rim intended to substantially lower tariffs and protect intellectual property.

european Union

An organization with political institutions that join 28 countries in Europe into a union that promotes free trade, a central bank, flow of labor and capital, and a common currency among most members.