Blood and Heart Functions Review

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the functions of blood, characteristics of blood cells, plasma, hematology, heart anatomy, and physiology.

Functions of blood

Transportation, regulation, and protection.

Red blood cells

Biconcave disc-shaped cells that carry oxygen; lifespan of about 120 days.

White blood cells

Larger cells with a nucleus that fight infections; live from hours to decades.

Platelets

Fragments of cells involved in blood clotting; lifespan of 5 to 9 days.

Plasma

The liquid portion of blood, making up about 55% of its volume, primarily composed of water.

Hemostasis

The process that stops bleeding through vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation.

Coagulation steps

1. Formation of prothrombinase; 2. Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin; 3. Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

Blood typing

Determines blood type based on surface proteins and isoantibodies, affecting transfusion compatibility.

SA node

Sinoatrial node, the heart's pacemaker located in the right atrium.

Heart valves

Four valves (tricuspid, mitral, pulmonary, aortic) preventing backflow of blood.

EKG Waves

P wave (atrial contraction), QRS complex (ventricular contraction), T wave (ventricular relaxation).

Sympathetic nervous system effect

Increases heart rate and force of contraction using norepinephrine.

Parasympathetic nervous system effect

Decreases heart rate and force of contraction using acetylcholine.