Studied by 127 people
Maritime Trade
sea-based trade routes
astrolabe
a tool that measures position and angle of planets to find location; invented by Greeks but improved by Muslims
wind patterns
how to navigate in “circular trade winds”; Portuguese used it well
Shape of the ocean, monsoon winds, important locations
Factors that make the Indian Ocean great
Monsoon winds
season of winds; Indian Ocean had the best, winds as a “boost” to ships, changed during the seasons
Arabian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz
Important locations on Indian Ocean coast
Prince Henry the Navigator
Portuguese, Navigation Education & Sponsorship in 1400s
Pedro Cabral
Portuguese, Salis to Brazil in 1500
Columbus
Italian but sailed for Spain, explored Carribean, 1492
Vasco da Gama
Portuguese; Sailed around Africa to India; 1497
Magellan
Portuguese but sailed for Spain; Circumnavigated the Globe, 1522
Cortez
Spanish, conquered the Aztecs in 1519
Pizarro
Spanish; Conquered Incas in 1531
spread of Christianity, Mercantilism, Personal gain
Three reasons/justifications for the Age of Exploration
Mercantilism
economic concept that there is a limited amount of wealth in the world; must “take” wealth
colonies; ports
Spain was focused on ___ while Portugal was focused on ___
bright
what “Ming” technically means
The Ming Dynasty
Return of ethnic (Han); Chinese rule to China, return of Chinese & Confucian ideas to the throne; Getting rid of Mongol Influence
Zhong Guo
Middle Kingdom; above earth but below Heaven
Mandate of Heaven
right to rule comes from heaven and can be lost if leaders are not virtuous
Dynastic Cycle
the pattern of rises and falls of Chinese dynsaties; ended in 1912
civil service exam, filial piety, self-sufficiency
Confucian values
Civil Service Exam
An exam based on Confucian values that gave Chinese citizens the chance to “move up” social hierarchy
Caravel
Portuguese ship in 15th century, sailed around Africa using a Lateen sail
carrack
big ocean vessel with 3-4 masts; used in Trade with Asia, Africa, and America; long voyage ship
Fluyt
Dutch cargo ship that has 2x the cargo with ½ the crew; by 1670 it was 50% of Euro Trade
Hongwu Emperor
Zhu Yuanzhang; Important Ming emperor, foundee of the Ming dynasty
brings back Chinese values and confucian influence
The Hongwu Emperors claim to fame
North; South
The Hongwu Emperor moved the capital from the ___ to the ____
love; hate
Hongwu Emperor/ Confucian values: ___ peasants and ____ merchants
Hongwu Emperor’s transition of power
“Lion king” situation; Uncle drives nephew out of throne
Yongle Emperor
“Scar”; Zhu Di, emperor after Hongwu Emperor
Beijing
the Yongle Emperor moves capital back to ___
sponsoring Ming voyages
Yongle Emperor’s major legacy
Scholars/Bureaucrats
First group on Ming Social Hierarchy
Peasants/Farmers
second group on Ming Social Hierarchy
Artisans/Craftsmen
third group on Ming Social Hierarchy
Merchants
last people on Ming Social Hierarchy
Forbidden City
Yongle Emperor; walled off palace only for emperor that’s built according to Confucian values
Zheng He
not an emperor; Admiral of the Ming Fleet; appointed by Yongle Emperor; eunuch
eunuch
“neutered” (no puberty); used as government officials because they weren’t expected to rebel
Mecca
Because Zheng He was Muslim, he made sure to have voyages stop at..
junks
Treasure ships used by Zheng He
Yongle Emperor dies, too much money
Voyages in Ming Dynasty end because..
Fabled Unicorn
Chinese name for Giraffes because they were brought back on ship by Zheng He as a gift to the emperor; shows China’s greatness
Tributary system
the form for conducting trade and relations with China
The Global Silver Trade
the dominated trade of silver throughout many countries and continents
Japan and Spain
the two countries that produced silver
ç
Spanish-American mines
Oda
Japan silver mine
globalization, profit, connections
Positives of the Global Silver Trade
inflation, empire collapses, indigenous slave labor, Trans-Atlantic slave trade
Negatives of the Global Silver Trade
Spanish coin, sweet potatoes, Tagalog
Examples/evidence of Globalization & Cultural Diffusion in the Global Silver Trade
Manila
hub of Global Silver Trade
They weren’t allowed inside the country
Why couldn’t Spain trade with China IN China?
Price of Silver
High when Chinese demand is high; leads to inflation
silver price falls
Spain goes bankrupt because..
Globalization
the increasing inter-connectedness & interdependence of the world’s societies, economies, and cultures
invested their money into themselves
Unlike Spain, Japan didn’t fall because they..
The Columbian Exchange
the exchange of new crops, animals, diseases etc between the Americas and Afroeurasia; started due to European contact with the Americas
Indentured Servitude
a two way agreement to work for a set amount of years to pay off debt
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
the transportation of African people, mainly to the Americas, to work as slaves.
Encomienda System
grant of forced labor; used by Spanish to take control of Native Americas; Spanish crown granted encomiendas to explorers
nonessential
A Major point made by the “Born with a Silver Spoon” document is that Europeans were basically..
China
The most important country in the Global Trade; the whole system would never have even exist without them
the middle passage
the passage of the forced voyage of enslaved Africans to the Americas
Fall of Constantinople
this event in 1453 led to the growth of Maritime trade
Note 
Flashcard (52)