Animal Nutrition Final

Which of the following is the most effective treatment to prevent rabies after exposure?

Immediate vaccination after exposure

What is the fatal outcome if rabies is not treated before symptoms appear?

Paralysis and death

What is the primary reason why rabies is rare in developed countries

widespread vaccination of domestic animals

What type of virus is the rabies virus

RNA virus

Which of the following is the primary mode of transmission for rabies?

bite or scratch from an infected animal

What is the main target of the rabies virus in the body?

Central Nervous System

Which animals are the most common reservoirs for rabies in humans?

dogs, bats, and ratcoons

Which of the DAMNIIIT approach is Calf with respiratory disease caused by Pasteurella multocida

Infectious

Which of the DAMNIIIT approach is Horse with a laceration to the forelimb caused by a barbed wire fence

Trauma

Which of the DAMNIIIT approach is Adult dairy cow with a displaced abomasum requiring surgery to correct

Anatomic

Which of the DAMNIIIT approach is Foal with a ventricular septal defect and a Grade-IV cardiac murmur

Developmental

Which of the DAMNIIIT approach is Navel-ill in a calf born into a dirty, contaminated environment

Iatrogenic

Which of the DAMNIIIT approach is Piglet with a fractured leg after sow stepped on it

Trauma

Which part of the DAMNIIIT approach is a lamb with white-muscle disease

Metabolic

Which part of the DAMNIIIT approach is the Etiology of disease in a cow with Wooden Tongue

Infectious

Which part of the DAMNIIIT approach is an Adult beef cow with lymphosarcoma in the heart muscle

Neoplasia

List 3 important criteria to ask owners taking an animal's history

what is the normal behavior

when did problems start

what conditions do they live in

list 3 signs of acute inflammation

redness, hot, itchy

when is NOT a great idea to oped an abscess

with no mask

What are the components of the musculoskeletal system?

skeleton, muscles, tissues, joints

Describe a Grade 1 murmur

heard only in a quiet environment

Describe a Grade 2 murmur

consistently auscultated

Describe a Grade 3 murmur

heard throughout the hemithorax

Describe a Grade 4 murmur

radiates widely without a palpablle ‘thrill’

Describe a Grade 5 murmur

palpable precordial thrill present

Describe a Grade 6 murmur

audible with stethoscope held away from thorax

The most common cause of severe lameness in large animals is _____

hoof abscess

What type of arthritis causes destruction of articular cartilage surfaces?

erosive

inflammation of muscle tissues is generically called

myositis

in vivo

refers to ‘inside of body’

atrophy

reduction in the size of an organ, often from lack of use

hypertrophy

increase in the size of cells in a tissues or organ

hyperplasia

increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ.

degeneration

reversible cell injury that is progressive

necrosis

death of cells or tissue from damage to membranes

ischemia

Interruption of blood supply to tissues or organs

erythema

redness of tissues due to inflammatory response

apoptosis

cell death in which the cell actively participates as a natural process

homeostasis

normal physiological conditions in a living system

serous discharge

watery, clear discharge

mucous discharge

thick, clear discharge

purulent discharge

cloudy discharge

mucopurulent discharge

bloody discharge

hemorrhagic discharge

thick, cloudy discharge

mucopurulent hemorrhagic discharge

thick, cloudy, bloody discharge

Cyanosis of oral/nasal mucosal surfaces, spread by vector

bluetongue virus

Zoonotic poxvirus of sheep- crusty lesions around oral mucosa

sore mouth

chronic wasting diarrhea in adult cows who were infected at birth

Johne’s disease

Zoonotic, highly contagious protozoan infection in calves and immunosuppressed people

rotavirus

Which electrolyte is imbalanced with Grass Tetany?

Magnesium

Botulism is transmitted via:

Ingestion of contaminated feedstuff with a dead rotting animal carcass

A very common, unique clinical sign that clearly signals a tetanus infection is:

A rigid, sawhorse-like stance

A _____ is any virus, bacteria, or other microorganism that causes disease.

pathogen

_____ Pathology analyzes serum chemistry, including glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, and total proteins

Clinical

The _____ period is the time between exposure and development of clinical signs

incubation

Paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in horses creates a clinical condition called “_____”

roaring

The pathway for food from start to finish travels through the _____ _____

digestive tract

Glossitis refers to inflammation of the _____

tongue.

An esophageal foreign body can cause _____ in horses

choke

Primary _____ in cattle requires treatment with a substance to break down surface tension in the rumen.

bloat

Up to 80% of some hore populations can be afflicted with gastric _____

ulcers.

_____ is described as decreased rhythmic peristalsis and failure of the stomach and intestines to respond to ingesta in the gut.

Illeus

White-muscle disease is a deficiency of _____ and _____

Vitamin E and Selenium

Fusobacterium necrophorum is commonly seen in cases of _____ in cattle and sheep.

foot rot

Cardiac output is affected by

vascular resistance in arterioles

The fibrous sac surrounding the heart is called the

pericardium

The MOST CORRECT description of blood flow through the heart is

Body, Right Atrium, RAV valve, Right Ventricle, Lungs, Left Atrium, LAV valve, Left Ventricle, Aorta

Transfaunation is used to treat dairy cattle with rumen acidosis as a way to restore

rumen microflora

the most important factor to consider when assessing an animal with diarrhea is

normal fecal consistency

this form of colibacillosis destroys intestinal cells by entering the cell and disrupting mucosal barriers

Enteroinvasive

True or False: Clostridial disease in animals usually causes rapid death following sudden onset of clinical signs.

True

The result of increased peristalsis where the intestine telescopes into itself is known as:

Intussusception

True or False: Vertical transmission of a disease occurs from parent to their offspring.

True

The name of this cell means "large" and "eat."

Macrophage

True or False: A modified-live vaccine is more virulent than a killed vaccine.

True

True or False: Innate immunity is non-specific whereas acquired immunity targets specific invaders.

True

Cells of the immune system originate primarily from the

bone marrow

the most important cell involved in allergic reactions is the

eosinophil

The MOST correct description of airflow through the respiratory tract from outside to inside the lungs is:

Nares, Nasal vestibules, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli

Choose the MOST CORRECT statement about Shipping Fever Complex (SFC) in cattle:

Stress initiates/ aggravates the disease process

True or False: fibrin is firm, yellow scar tissue that proliferates as a result of inflammation

True

True or False: Etiology is defined as the rate of infection in a susceptible population of animals.

False

True or False: Gross pathology studies diseases at the tissue level, requiring a microscope to visualize structures.

False

Damage to the nasal mucosa _____the respiratory system defenses against entry of pathogenic microbes.

decreases

Morbidity is best described as:

The ratio of the number of diseased to healthy individuals in a group of exposed animals

True or False: Recognizing normal behavior is critical to accurately detecting disease processes.

True

Animals that harbor infection in the absence of disease are called:

All of the above can harbor infection without disease symptoms

The following describes onset of disease clinical signs 4 weeks after exposure

chronic

Regulation of acid-base balance, conservation and excretion of water and electrolytes, and blood osmotic pressure regulation are all functions of which system

urinary

True or False: uterine prolapse very commonly occurs in mares immediately after parturition

False

The complete fetoplacental unit in fresh condition is the best sample to submit to diagnose

abortion

Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection in which the organism is found in the host

kidney

Which of the following samples would be LEAST helpful in diagnosing an infection involving the urinary system

CSF tap

How is Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) diagnosed in horses

with coggins test

what is the next step for a cow that tests positive for Bovine Leukosis Virus (BLV)

cull all seropositive cows

In a goat herd with animals that have clinical lesions of caseous lymphadenitis, the BEST method

cull affected animals

What is the most common factor that predisposes a buck, ram, or wether to have a urolith?

A high grain diet.

what substance is commonly added to the diet of sheep and goats to prevent urinary stone formation

selenium

how is a vaginal prolapse treated in a ewe

replace the tissue and use a restraining device

Goiter may be seen in animals whose diet is low in what element

Iodine