PSY 25 / CH.4 - Health Through The Lifespan

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30 Terms

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Top Health Risks in Childhood

unintentional injuries (e.g., falls, drowning, burns)

poverty-related health disparities

malnutrition and food insecurity

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Protective Factors (children)

access to immunizations

responsive caregiving and safe environments

public health programs (e.g., WIC, Head Start)

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Career Lens (children)

pediatric nursing, early intervention, public health outreach

advocating for family-centered care and trauma-informed practices

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Breastfeeding Benefits (infancy)

ideal nutrition for infants

linked to lower risk of infections, obesity, and SIDS

benefits for mothers: reduced risk of breast cancer, bonding

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Malnutrition & Food Insecurity (infancy)

affects physical growth and cognitive development

WIC program supports low-income families with nutrition education and food access

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Childhood Obesity Trends (infancy)

rising rates in early childhood

linked to poor diet, low activity, and caregiver modeling

long-term risks: diabetes, cardiovascular issues, stigma

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Risk Factors (adolescents)

increased autonomy and peer influence

poor sleep and nutrition habits

early substance use linked to long-term health risks

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Protective Factors (adolescents)

family meals linked to better nutrition and emotional regulation

school connectedness reduces risk behaviors

sports and extracurriculars promote physical and mental health

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Anorexia Nervosa (eating disorders)

Core Symptoms: restriction of food intake, intense fear of weight gain, distorted body image,

Typical Onset Age: ~18 years

Physical Risks: low BMI, amenorrhea, heart issues, bone loss

Emotional Patterns: perfectionism, control, denial of seriousness

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Bulimia Nervosa (eating disorders)

Core Symptoms: binge eating + compensatory behaviors (vomiting, laxatives, fasting, exercise)

Typical Onset Age: ~18 years

Physical Risks: electrolyte imbalance, GI damage, dental erosion

Emotional Patterns: shame, impulsivity, secrecy, emotional distress

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Binge Eating Disorder (eating disorders)

Core Symptoms: recurrent binge episodes without purging; loss of control during eating

Typical Onset Age: ~21 years

Physical Risks: obesity, metabolic syndrome, joint pain

Emotional Patterns: guilt, depression, emotional eating

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Contributing Factors (biological)

genetics, neurotransmitters

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Contributing Factors (psychological)

anxiety, perfectionism, trauma

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Contributing Factors (sociocultural)

media, peer norms, family dynamics

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Health Challenges in Emerging Adulthood (POOR NUTRITION)

skipping meals, fast food reliance

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Health Challenges in Emerging Adulthood (SLEEP DEPRIVATION)

academic stress, irregular schedules

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Health Challenges in Emerging Adulthood (SUBSTANCE USE)

alcohol, vaping, marijuana

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Health Challenges in Emerging Adulthood (MENTAL HEALTH)

anxiety, depression, identity exploration

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Developmental Context

increased autonomy and identity formation

risk-taking and underdeveloped executive functioning

transition from family-based to self-managed health care

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Common Chronic Conditions

- arthritis, heart disease, diabetes, hypertension

- often co-occur and impact mobility, cognition, and emotional well-bein

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Developmental Themes

- aging involves physical decline, but also adaptation and resilience

- chronic illness can challenge autonomy, identity, and social roles

- emotional responses may include grief, pride, frustration, or acceptance

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Social & Emotional Context

- many older adults live alone or rely on informal caregivers

- chronic conditions can affect relationships, routines, and sense of purpose

- cultural beliefs shape how aging and illness are understood and managed

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EXERCISE ACROSS THE LIFESPAN (Infancy & Childhood)

- movement supports motor development and brain growth

- play-based activity builds coordination, confidence, and social skills

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EXERCISE ACROSS THE LIFESPAN (Adolescence)

- sports and PE promote identity, teamwork, and emotional regulation

- drop-off in activity begins—especially among girls and marginalized groups

- peer pressure and body image can shape participation

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EXERCISE ACROSS THE LIFESPAN (Emerging Adulthood)

- exercise often declines due to academic/work stress

- can be a tool for self-care, identity, and mental health

- shift from team-based to individual routines (e.g., gym, yoga, walking)

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SUBSTANCE USE (Adolescents)

- peer pressure, identity exploration, sensation-seeking

- common substances: vaping, cannabis, alcohol

- often experimental, but can escalate

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SUBSTANCE USE (Emerging Adults)

- binge drinking, party culture, stress coping

- increased autonomy, decreased supervision

- substance use often peaks here

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SUBSTANCE USE (Middle Adulthood)

- prescription misuse, alcohol dependency

- linked to stress, chronic pain, emotional strain

- often hidden or normalize

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SUBSTANCE USE (Older Adults)

- medication interactions, alcohol use, underreported misuse

- isolation and grief may contribute

- often overlooked in screening and support

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Developmental Themes

- substance use reflects developmental needs: control, escape, belonging

- cultural norms and emotional context shape patterns

- risk and resilience shift across the lifespan