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Top Health Risks in Childhood
unintentional injuries (e.g., falls, drowning, burns)
poverty-related health disparities
malnutrition and food insecurity
Protective Factors (children)
access to immunizations
responsive caregiving and safe environments
public health programs (e.g., WIC, Head Start)
Career Lens (children)
pediatric nursing, early intervention, public health outreach
advocating for family-centered care and trauma-informed practices
Breastfeeding Benefits (infancy)
ideal nutrition for infants
linked to lower risk of infections, obesity, and SIDS
benefits for mothers: reduced risk of breast cancer, bonding
Malnutrition & Food Insecurity (infancy)
affects physical growth and cognitive development
WIC program supports low-income families with nutrition education and food access
Childhood Obesity Trends (infancy)
rising rates in early childhood
linked to poor diet, low activity, and caregiver modeling
long-term risks: diabetes, cardiovascular issues, stigma
Risk Factors (adolescents)
increased autonomy and peer influence
poor sleep and nutrition habits
early substance use linked to long-term health risks
Protective Factors (adolescents)
family meals linked to better nutrition and emotional regulation
school connectedness reduces risk behaviors
sports and extracurriculars promote physical and mental health
Anorexia Nervosa (eating disorders)
Core Symptoms: restriction of food intake, intense fear of weight gain, distorted body image,
Typical Onset Age: ~18 years
Physical Risks: low BMI, amenorrhea, heart issues, bone loss
Emotional Patterns: perfectionism, control, denial of seriousness
Bulimia Nervosa (eating disorders)
Core Symptoms: binge eating + compensatory behaviors (vomiting, laxatives, fasting, exercise)
Typical Onset Age: ~18 years
Physical Risks: electrolyte imbalance, GI damage, dental erosion
Emotional Patterns: shame, impulsivity, secrecy, emotional distress
Binge Eating Disorder (eating disorders)
Core Symptoms: recurrent binge episodes without purging; loss of control during eating
Typical Onset Age: ~21 years
Physical Risks: obesity, metabolic syndrome, joint pain
Emotional Patterns: guilt, depression, emotional eating
Contributing Factors (biological)
genetics, neurotransmitters
Contributing Factors (psychological)
anxiety, perfectionism, trauma
Contributing Factors (sociocultural)
media, peer norms, family dynamics
Health Challenges in Emerging Adulthood (POOR NUTRITION)
skipping meals, fast food reliance
Health Challenges in Emerging Adulthood (SLEEP DEPRIVATION)
academic stress, irregular schedules
Health Challenges in Emerging Adulthood (SUBSTANCE USE)
alcohol, vaping, marijuana
Health Challenges in Emerging Adulthood (MENTAL HEALTH)
anxiety, depression, identity exploration
Developmental Context
increased autonomy and identity formation
risk-taking and underdeveloped executive functioning
transition from family-based to self-managed health care
Common Chronic Conditions
- arthritis, heart disease, diabetes, hypertension
- often co-occur and impact mobility, cognition, and emotional well-bein
Developmental Themes
- aging involves physical decline, but also adaptation and resilience
- chronic illness can challenge autonomy, identity, and social roles
- emotional responses may include grief, pride, frustration, or acceptance
Social & Emotional Context
- many older adults live alone or rely on informal caregivers
- chronic conditions can affect relationships, routines, and sense of purpose
- cultural beliefs shape how aging and illness are understood and managed
EXERCISE ACROSS THE LIFESPAN (Infancy & Childhood)
- movement supports motor development and brain growth
- play-based activity builds coordination, confidence, and social skills
EXERCISE ACROSS THE LIFESPAN (Adolescence)
- sports and PE promote identity, teamwork, and emotional regulation
- drop-off in activity begins—especially among girls and marginalized groups
- peer pressure and body image can shape participation
EXERCISE ACROSS THE LIFESPAN (Emerging Adulthood)
- exercise often declines due to academic/work stress
- can be a tool for self-care, identity, and mental health
- shift from team-based to individual routines (e.g., gym, yoga, walking)
SUBSTANCE USE (Adolescents)
- peer pressure, identity exploration, sensation-seeking
- common substances: vaping, cannabis, alcohol
- often experimental, but can escalate
SUBSTANCE USE (Emerging Adults)
- binge drinking, party culture, stress coping
- increased autonomy, decreased supervision
- substance use often peaks here
SUBSTANCE USE (Middle Adulthood)
- prescription misuse, alcohol dependency
- linked to stress, chronic pain, emotional strain
- often hidden or normalize
SUBSTANCE USE (Older Adults)
- medication interactions, alcohol use, underreported misuse
- isolation and grief may contribute
- often overlooked in screening and support
Developmental Themes
- substance use reflects developmental needs: control, escape, belonging
- cultural norms and emotional context shape patterns
- risk and resilience shift across the lifespan